淡水环境中溢油的行为与环境效应

[中文适用范围]： 本报告总结了并记录了内陆油 spills 进入淡水表面水体的潜在环境影响。它识别、描述并比较了原油和石油产品在内陆水域中的行为、归趋和生态意义。该文件旨在为制定针对特定油 spill 情况的化学、物理和生态约束的 spill 响应策略提供必要的基本信息。它不是包含选择和实施响应方法逐步指令的 spill 响应手册，也不涉及油 spill 预防。报告分章节描述了各种内陆 spill 栖息地的相关特征；讨论了石油的化学特征及其依赖于此的归趋过程；并总结了生态和毒理学效应的报告结果，包括一般情况和针对特定生物类群的具体参考。 [外文原描述]： This report provides basic information necessary for the formulation of spill response strategies that are tailored to the specific chemical, physical, and ecological constraints of a given spill situation. It summarizes environmental effects from inland oil spills into fresh surface waters. It provides technical information for persons responsible for inland spill response and cleanup, for researchers, and for others dealing with protection of the environment from possible oil spill hazards. This research identifies, describes, and compares the behavior, fate, and ecological implications of crude oil and petroleum products in inland waters.