受腐蚀环境影响的奥氏体合金的材料、制造与修复考虑

[中文适用范围]： 技术方法/报告的组织和范围 作为本报告的基础@技术文献@行业经验@和已发表的案例研究进行了审查。审查包括构造材料@损坏机制@以及特定于组件的制造和维修问题。本报告的范围包括以下变形奥氏体合金：合金800@ 800H@ 800HT?@ 和300 系列奥氏体不锈钢@ 以及相应的焊接材料。确定了化学成分@微观结构要求@和减轻脆化和开裂敏感性的热处理实践的限制。在适用的情况下，确定了对常用合金的潜在可行的升级。本报告的其余部分安排如下。第 3 节@处理单元@给出了简要的处理概述，随后解释了该单元中发现的各种损坏机制。还包括组件特定注意事项和使用中损坏的示例。还包括检查建议和一般修复方法注意事项。第4节@损坏机制@包含对高温损坏机制的详细讨论；包括固态反应的基本细节@其反应速率@以及建议的缓解措施。第 4 节还纳入了可用于破裂或脆化设备的制造和维修实践。注：本文件的范围不包括氢重整器催化剂管@出口尾纤和出口集管。除催化剂管@外，TR 942-A@材料@制造@和氢气重整炉出口尾纤和歧管的维修注意事项中涵盖了这些内容。高温应用中的膨胀波纹管也不包括在内。 [外文原描述]： This technical report focuses on the materials, fabrication, and repair of austenitic stainless steels and nickel-iron-chromium alloys in high temperature 565-760 ºC (1050-1400 ºF) refinery services. Many of these alloys are subject to embrittlement and cracking after prolonged exposure to these temperatures. Susceptible equipment in the following processing units are addressed: fluid catalytic cracking units, hydrogen/syngas plants, catalytic reformers, cokers, and hydroprocessing units. This report summarizes industry experience and recommends methods to improve reliability and process safety, and increases industry awareness to high temperature embrittlement issues. As a basis of this report, technical literature, industry experience, and published case studies were reviewed. The review included materials of construction, damage mechanisms, and component-specific fabrication and repair issues. The scope of this report includes the following wrought austenitic alloys: Alloys 80