内燃机或牵引电池驱动的车辆、船舶和机械设备的无线电干扰特性 保护外部接收机的限值和测量方法

[中文适用范围]： CISPR 12:2025 本文件中的限制旨在为车外接收设备在30 MHz至1 000 MHz的频率范围内提供保护。符合本文件并不能保证对距离车辆、船只或设备10米以内的接收设备提供充分的保护。本文件适用于可能导致无线电接收干扰的电磁能量的发射，这些能量来自以下设备：1）由内燃机（ICE）、电力或其他方式驱动的车辆（见3.1.34）；2）由内燃机、电力或其他方式驱动的船只（见3.1.4）。船只的测试方式与车辆相同，除非本文件中明确说明其有独特特性；3）装有内燃机的设备（见3.1.9）。对于混合动力设备（例如同时配备内燃机和牵引电池的设备），本文件仅涵盖内燃机模式；4）当作为独立产品销售时，船用内机和外机发动机及马达（即装有内燃机、电动机或两者兼有）。有关适用范围的流程图及示例列表，请参见附录D。本文件不适用于飞机、家用电器、医疗设备、牵引系统（包括铁路机车、电车、电动无轨电车）、车辆、船只和设备的车外充电器或不完整的车辆、船只和设备。对于双模式无轨电车（如通过交流/直流电源或内燃机驱动），本文件包括内燃机推进系统，但不包括车辆的电动推进部分。此外，诸如家用清洁机器人、酒店服务机器人和个人安全机器人等家用辅助机器人也被排除在本文件的适用范围之外。 注1：除作为独立产品销售的船用内机和外机发动机及马达以外，本文件不适用于组件或不完整产品，例如内燃机、尚未安装内燃机或电动机的不完整车辆或船只或备件。本文件仅适用于最终产品，该产品配备了所有必要的部件和组件，以确保其按预期功能运行。 注2：没有内燃机、用于典型家务和服务业功能的家用电器，适用CISPR 14-1[1]的要求。 注3：与干扰源位于同一车辆上的接收设备的保护由CISPR 25[2]覆盖。 本文件未对传导干扰的测量方法或限制进行规定，尤其是充电模式下的操作，即当（电动或混合动力）车辆或船只连接至电源时，无论是直接（即插电式车辆或船只）还是间接（即无线充电）。用户应参考适用的IEC和CISPR标准，这些标准定义了该情况下的测量方法和限制。 注4：有关道路车辆的信息，请参见IEC 61851-21-1[3]，有关其他类型的车辆或船只的信息，请参见IEC 61000-6-3[4]、IEC 61000-6-4[5]和IEC 61000-6-8[6]。 本文件中的发射要求不适用于由国际电信联盟（ITU-R）定义的无线电发射器的有意发射，包括其寄生发射。受其他CISPR产品及产品家族发射标准覆盖的设备，若不包含内燃机，则不在本文件的适用范围内。若设备包含内燃机，则在所有内燃机处于活动状态的操作模式中，设备应符合本文件。 注5：在内燃机不处于活动状态的操作模式中，其他CISPR产品或产品家族发射标准也可适用。如果内燃机始终处于运行状态，其他CISPR产品或产品家族发射标准仍可用于验证设备其他部件和电路的发射情况。 附录B和附录C包含评估高压点火系统干扰特性的方法。附录H包含对电动汽车限制的说明。附录I列出未来修订中考虑的工作内容。 第七版取消并替代了2007年发布第六版及其修正案1（2009年）。本版构成技术修订。与前一版相比，本版包括以下重大技术变更： a）增加了充电模式下电动汽车和混合动力电动汽车的测试设置和要求； b）定义了天线相对于车辆的位置； c）删除了一些有关系列监测和型式认可的陈述； d）增加了关于测量仪器不确定性的附录； e）将本文件适用的车辆、船只和设备分为三组，并根据相应组别分别应用相应的限制； f）增加了关于充电模式所使用网络的附录； g）增加了关于电动汽车限制说明的附录； h）进行了总体改进。 [外文原描述]： CISPR 12:2025 The limits in this document are designed to provide protection in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz for off-board receivers. Compliance with this document does not guarantee adequate protection for receivers nearer than 10 m to the vehicle, boat or device. This document applies to the emission of electromagnetic energy that can cause interference to radio reception and which is emitted from: 1) vehicles propelled by an internal combustion engine (ICE), electrical means or both (see 3.1.34); 2) boats propelled by an ICE, electrical means or both (see 3.1.4). Boats are tested in the same manner as vehicles except where they have unique characteristics as explicitly stated in this document; 3) devices equipped with ICE (see 3.1.9). In the case of hybrid devices (e.g. equipped with both ICE and traction batteries), only the ICE mode is included in this document; 4) inboard and outboard boat engines and motors [i.e. equipped with ICE, electric motor (EM), or both], when marketed independently. See Annex D for a flow chart and a list of examples to help determine the applicability of CISPR 12. This document does not apply to aircraft, household appliances, medical devices, traction systems (railway engine or locomotive, streetcar or tram and electric trolley bus), vehicle, boat and device off-board chargers or to incomplete vehicles, boats and devices. In the case of a dual-mode trolley bus (e.g. propelled by power from either AC/DC mains or an ICE), the ICE propulsion system is included, but the EM propulsion portion of the vehicle is excluded from this document. In addition, domestic helper robots, such as household cleaning robots, hotel service robots and personal safety robots are also excluded from the scope of this document. NOTE 1 Other than inboard or outboard boat engines and motors that are marketed independently, this document does not apply to components or incomplete products, such as an ICE, an incomplete vehicle or boat that has not yet been fitted with an ICE or EM, or spare parts. This document only applies to the final product, which is equipped with all applicable parts and components to be able to function as intended. NOTE 2 Appliances without ICE for typical housekeeping and service functions in the household and similar environment are covered by the requirements of CISPR 14-1[1]. NOTE 3 Protection of receivers used on board the same vehicle as the disturbance source(s) are covered by CISPR 25[2]. This document does not prescribe measurement methods or limits for conducted disturbances, for the charging mode of operation, where the (electric or hybrid) vehicle or boat is connected to power mains, either directly (i.e. plug-in vehicle or boat) or indirectly (i.e. wireless power charging). The user is referred to appropriate IEC and CISPR standards, which define measurement techniques and limits for this condition. NOTE 4 See IEC 61851-21-1[3] for road vehicles and IEC 61000-6-3[4], IEC 61000-6-4[5] and IEC 61000-6-8[6] for other types of vehicles or boats. The emission requirements in this document are not applicable to the intentional transmissions from a radio transmitter, as defined by the ITU-R, including its spurious emissions. Equipment that is covered by other CISPR product and product family emission standards are excluded from the scope of this document, except where they include ICE(s). In the latter case, the equipment complies with this document in all modes of operation where the ICE(s) is(are) active. NOTE 5 The other CISPR product or product family emission standard can also apply to the equipment for those modes of operation where the ICE(s) is (are) not active. In case the ICE(s) is (are) always in operation, the other CISPR product or product family emission standard can still apply, for verifying the emissions from the other components and circuitry of the equipment. Annex B and Annex C contain methods to evaluate the disturbance characteristics of high voltage ignition systems. Annex H contains a justification for the limits for an electric vehicle. Annex I lists work being considered for future revisions. This seventh edition cancels and replaces the sixth edition published in 2007 and its Amendment 1 (2009). This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) test setups and requirements for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles in charging mode were added, b) antenna positions relative to the vehicle were defined, c) some statements dealing with series surveillance and type approval were deleted, d) annexes for measurement instrumentation uncertainty were added, e) the vehicles, boats and devices subject to this document are separated into three groups with corresponding limits applied accordingly, f) an annex describing networks to be used for the charging mode was added, g) an annex describing justification for the limits of an electric vehicle was added, h) general improvements were made.