车辆 船只和内燃机 - 无线电干扰特性 - 用于保护机载接收机的限制和测量方法

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准包含 150 kHz 至 2 500 MHz 频率范围内无线电骚扰测量的限值和程序。该标准适用于车辆、拖车和设备中使用的任何电子/电气元件。有关频率分配的详细信息，请参阅国际电信联盟 (ITU) 出版物。这些限制旨在为安装在车辆中的接收器提供保护，使其免受同一车辆中的组件/模块产生的干扰。整车的方法和限制在第 5 条中，部件/模块的方法和限制在第 6 条中。只有整车测试才能用于确定部件相对于车辆限制的兼容性。受保护的接收器类型例如是广播接收器（声音和电视）、陆地移动无线电、无线电话、业余无线电、公民无线电、卫星导航（GPS等）和蓝牙。就本标准而言，车辆是一种自行式机器。车辆包括（但不限于）客车、卡车、农用拖拉机和雪地摩托车。附录 A 提供了确定本标准是否适用于特定设备的指南。本标准中的限值是建议性的，并可根据车辆制造商和零部件供应商之间的协议进行修改。该标准也适用于在车辆交付后添加并连接到车辆线束或车载电源连接器的组件和设备的制造商和供应商。本国际标准不包括保护电子控制系统免受射频（RF）辐射或瞬态或脉冲型电压波动的影响。这些主题包含在 ISO 出版物中。由于安装位置、车身构造和线束设计会影响无线电干扰与车载无线电的耦合，因此本标准第 6 条定义了多个限制级别。所使用的电平等级（作为频带的函数）由车辆制造商和零部件供应商商定。 CISPR 25 定义了供车辆制造商和供应商使用的测试方法，以协助车辆和零部件的设计并确保车载射频发射的受控水平。车辆测试限制仅供参考，并且基于使用作为车辆一部分提供的天线的典型无线电接收器，或者如果未指定唯一天线，则使用测试天线。所定义的频段并不适用于世界上所有地区或国家。出于经济原因，车辆制造商必须能够自由地确定哪些频段适用于车辆销售的国家以及该车辆可能使用哪些无线电服务。例如，许多车型可能不会安装电视接收器；然而电视频段占据了无线电频谱的很大一部分。测试和减轻此类车辆的噪声源在经济上是不合理的。汽车制造商应定义汽车销售的国家，然后选择适用的频段和限制。然后可以从 ClSPR 25 中选择组件测试参数以支持所选的营销计划。 [外文原描述]： CISPR 25:2008 contains limits and procedures for the measurement of radio disturbances in the frequency range of 150 kHz to 2 500 MHz. The standard applies to any electronic/electrical component intended for use in vehicles, trailers and devices. Refer to International Telecommunications Union (ITU) publications for details of frequency allocations. The limits are intended to provide protection for receivers installed in a vehicle from disturbances produced by components/modules in the same vehicle. The method and limits for a complete vehicle are in Clause 5 and the methods and limits for components/modules are in Clause 6. Only a complete vehicle test can be used to determine the component compatibility with respect to a vehicle's limit. The receiver types to be protected are, for example, broadcast receivers (sound and television), land mobile radio, radio telephone, amateur, citizens' radio, Satellite Navigation (GPS, etc.) and Bluetooth. For the purpose of this standard, a vehicle is a machine, which is self-propelled. Vehicles include (but are not limited to) passenger cars, trucks, agricultural tractors and snowmobiles. Annex A provides guidance in determining whether this standard is applicable to particular equipment. The limits in this standard are recommended and subject to modification as agreed between the vehicle manufacturer and the component supplier. This standard is also intended to be applied by manufacturers and suppliers of components and equipment which are to be added and connected to the vehicle harness or to an on-board power connector after delivery of the vehicle. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2002. The following significant changes were made with respect to the previous edition: - addition of required measurements with both an average detector and a peak or quasi-peak detector; - addition of methods and limits for the protection of new analogue and digital radio services, which cover the frequency range up to 2 500 MHz; - addition of a new measurement method for components (stripline) as an informative Annex G; - addition of the contents of CISPR 21 as Annex H; CISPR 21 in its entirety now becomes obsolete; - deletion of narrowband / broadband determination; - deletion of the Annex on rod antenna characterisation (this is now covered by CISPR 16-1-4); - deletion of the Annex on characterisation of shielded enclosure (CISPR 25 will be amended when the CISPR/D / CISPR/A Joint Task Force on chamber validation finishes its work). The contents of the corrigendum of January 2009 have been included in this copy.