确定固体绝缘材料的证明和比较跟踪指标的方法

[中文适用范围]： 本文档规定了使用交流电压测定固体绝缘材料（取自设备部件和材料板）的耐电痕化和比较耐电痕化指数的试验方法。本文档提供了在需要时测定侵蚀的程序。注 1：耐电痕化指数用作材料制造的零部件的接受准则以及质量控制手段。比较耐电痕化指数主要用于材料基本特性的表征和比较。该试验方法评估被评估材料的成分以及材料表面。成分和表面状况均直接影响评估结果，并在材料选择过程中予以考虑。试验结果不直接适用于设计电气设备时安全爬电距离的评估。注 2：这符合 IEC 60664-1《低压系统设备的绝缘配合 第 1 部分：原理、要求和试验》。注 3：该试验将耐电痕化性能较差的材料与具有中等或良好耐电痕化性能的材料区分开来，用于可在潮湿条件下使用的设备。更严格的测试（持续时间更长）可用于评估户外使用材料的性能，利用更高的电压和更大的试验试样（见 IEC 60587 的倾斜平面试验）。其他测试方法（如倾斜法）可能将材料排序为与本文件给出的滴落法不同的顺序。 [外文原描述]： IEC 60112:2020 specifies the method of test for the determination of the proof and comparative tracking indices of solid insulating materials on pieces taken from parts of equipment and on plaques of material using alternating voltage. This document provides a procedure for the determination of erosion when required. This test method evaluates the composition of the material as well as the surface of the material being evaluated. Both the composition and surface condition directly influence the results of the evaluation and are considered when using the results in material selection process. Test results are not directly suitable for the evaluation of safe creepage distances when designing electrical apparatus. This basic safety publication focusing on a safety test method is primarily intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of safety publications in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and lSO/lEC Guide 51. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: Introduction of a new contaminant, solution C with a surfactant aligned with the test method of IEC 60587. The definition of the solution B was transferred to Annex B for backward reference. Introduction of a screening test, considering the fact that some materials can withstand high test voltages, but fail at lower test voltages. It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.