高压测试技术 - 基于电荷的局部放电测量

[中文适用范围]： IEC 60270:2025适用于使用交流电压（AC）最高至500 Hz或直流电压（DC）进行测试时，电气设备、部件或系统中发生局部放电的基于电荷的测量。本文件内容包括： – 定义相关术语； – 明确需测量的量； – 描述测量频率以及可用于测试和测量的电路； – 定义用于常见应用的模拟和数字测量方法； – 规定校准方法及校准仪器的要求； – 提供测试程序的指导； – 提供有关区分局部放电和外部干扰的建议。 本文件的条款被用于起草有关特定电力设备局部放电测量的规范。它涉及脉冲式（短时）局部放电的电气测量，但也提到了主要用于局部放电定位的非电气方法（见附录F）。通过数字处理局部放电数据（见附录E）以及用于局部放电定位的非电气方法，有助于诊断特定电力设备的行为。 本文件主要关注在使用交流电压进行测试时，对特定电力设备局部放电的视在电荷测量，但第11章考虑了使用直流电压测试时出现的特殊问题。术语、定义、基本测试电路和程序也常适用于其他频率的测试，但本文件未涉及的特殊测试程序和测量系统特性可能需要额外规定。有关更高频率范围的测量，请参见IEC TS 62478。 附录A提供了校准器性能测试的规范性要求。 本第四版取消并替代了2000年发布的第三版以及2015年的修正案1。本版为技术修订版。 与前一版相比，本版包括以下重大技术更改： a) 标题修改。 b) 适用于最高至500 Hz的交流电压或直流电压。 c) 更加聚焦于基于电荷的局部放电测量。 d) 简化了局部放电测量系统组件的性能检查。 e) 改进了附录A中校准器性能测试的规范性内容。 f) 修订和新增了信息性附录。 在未来的修订中，本文件将根据IEC指南108寻求横向出版地位。 [外文原描述]： IEC 60270:2025 is applicable to the charge-based measurement of partial discharges which occur in electrical apparatus, components or systems when tested with alternating voltages (AC) up to 500 Hz or with direct voltage (DC). This document: – defines the terms used; – defines the quantities to be measured; – describes the measurement frequencies as well as the test and measuring circuits which may be used; – defines analogue and digital measuring methods required for common applications; – specifies methods for calibration and requirements of instruments used for calibration; – gives guidance on test procedures; – gives some assistance concerning the discrimination of partial discharges from external interference. The provisions of this document are used in the drafting of specifications relating to partial discharge measurements for specific power apparatus. It deals with electrical measurements of impulsive (short-duration) partial discharges, but reference is also made to non-electrical methods primarily used for partial discharge location (see Annex F). Diagnosis of the behaviour of specific power apparatus can be aided by digital processing of partial discharge data (see Annex E) and also by non-electrical methods that are primarily used for partial discharge location (see Annex F). This document is primarily concerned with electrical measurement of partial discharge in terms of apparent charge for specific power apparatus made during tests with alternating voltage, but specific problems which arise when tests are made with direct voltage are considered in Clause 11. The terminology, definitions, basic test circuits and procedures often also apply to tests at other frequencies, but special test procedures and measuring system characteristics which are not considered in this document may be required. For measurements at higher frequency ranges, see IEC TS 62478. Annex A provides normative requirements for performance tests on calibrators. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2000, and Amendment 1:2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) Title modified. b) Use with alternating voltages up to 500 Hz or with direct voltage. c) Clear focus on charge-based partial discharge measurements. d) Streamlined performance checks for partial discharge measurement system components. e) Improved normative Annex A for performance tests on calibrators. f) Revised and new informative Annexes. In a future revision, this document will seek horizontal publication status in accordance with IEC Guide 108.