电声学 人的头部和耳朵模拟器 第4部分 借助耳塞连接耳朵的耳机测量用塞耳模拟器

[中文适用范围]： 本部分IEC 60318描述了一种用于测量插入式耳机（频率范围从100 Hz到10 000 Hz）的闭塞耳模拟器。它适用于通过插入件（如耳模或类似装置）耦合到耳朵的空气传导助听器和耳机。闭塞耳模拟器也可作为扩展的基础，用于模拟完整的耳道和外耳（例如在头模拟器中）。闭塞耳模拟器模拟正常成人闭塞耳的声传递阻抗。然而，它不模拟耳模与人类耳道之间的泄漏；因此，使用闭塞耳模拟器获得的结果可能与在真实耳朵上耦合的插入式耳机的性能存在偏差，特别是在低频段。此外，个体耳朵之间的性能差异很大，在使用耳模拟器时应予以考虑。在10 kHz以上，该设备不模拟人耳，但可用作声学耦合器，频率可延伸至16 kHz。在100 Hz以下，未验证该设备模拟人耳，但可用作声学耦合器，频率可低至20 Hz。注：由于闭塞耳模拟器的声传递阻抗在10 kHz以上存在共振，耳机的响应可能会出现较高的测量不确定度，例如10 dB左右。主要是在使用具有高声学阻尼的插入式耳机（例如用于扩展高频测听，见ISO 389-6中列出的耳机）并通过简单、对称设计的空气耦合装置耦合到闭塞耳模拟器时，才能获得可重复的结果。 [外文原描述]： IEC 60318-4:2010 describes an occluded-ear simulator intended for the measurement of insert earphones in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 10 000 Hz. It is suitable for air conduction hearing aids and earphones, coupled to the ear by means of ear inserts e.g. ear moulds or similar devices. The occluded-ear simulator is also suitable as the basis for an extension intended to simulate the complete ear canal and the outer ear (for instance in head simulators). The occluded-ear simulator simulates the acoustic transfer impedance for the occluded normal adult human ear. However, it does not simulate the leakage between an earmould and a human ear canal; therefore, the results obtained with the occluded-ear simulator may deviate from the performance of an insert earphone on a real ear, especially at low frequencies. Moreover, large performance variations among individual ears will occur which should be considered when using the ear simulator. Above 10 kHz the device does not simulate a human ear, but can be used as an acoustic coupler at additional frequencies up to 16 kHz. Below 100 Hz, the device has not been verified to simulate a human ear, but can be used as an acoustic coupler at additional frequencies down to 20 Hz. IEC 60318-4:2010 cancels and replaces IEC 60711, published in 1981 and constitutes a technical revision. The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below: - extension of the usable frequency range to 100 Hz - 16 000 Hz; - addition of values of maximum permitted expanded uncertainties to all tolerances.