水声.水听器.水听器的校准.第1部分:水听器的自由场校准程序

[中文适用范围]： IEC 60565-1 规定了水听器以及可用作水听器（接收器）和/或扬声器（源换能器）的个体电声换能器的自由场校准方法和程序。该文件涵盖两种类型的校准：基于三换能器球面互易法的绝对校准，以及与已进行绝对校准的参考设备进行比较的相对校准。本文档规定的方法的最大频率范围从 200 Hz 到 1 MHz。主要取决于所选测试设施的尺寸，最低应用声频通常在 200 Hz 到 5 kHz 范围内，而此处描述方法的最高应用频率为 1 MHz。低频水听器压力校准的程序见 IEC 60565-2。声频高于 1 MHz 的水听器校准程序见 IEC 62127-2。本文档的范围排除了低频水听器压力校准（见 IEC 60565-2），以及数字水听器系统、海洋自主声学记录仪、颗粒速度传感器和压力梯度水听器等声学矢量传感器、由多个水听器组成的被动声呐阵列和由扬声器和水听器组成的主动声呐阵列的校准。本文档描述了测试设施、设备和仪器、信号处理和频率限制方面的自由场校准要求。提供了可实现的不确定度描述以及校准数据呈现规则。还包括提供额外指导的 informative 附录，内容涉及：水听器或扬声器的方向性响应测量、水听器和扬声器的电阻抗测量、电负载修正、水声校准中的声远场准则、自由场校准中的脉冲技术、水听器和扬声器自由场校准的不确定度评估、三换能器球面互易校准公式的推导、行波管校准、水听器光学干涉法校准以及混响水池中使用连续信号的校准。 [外文原描述]： IEC 60565-1:2020 specifies methods and procedures for free-field calibration of hydrophones, as well as individual electroacoustic transducers that can be used as hydrophones (receivers) and/or projectors (source transducers). Two general types of calibration are covered within this document: absolute calibration using the method of three-transducer spherical-wave reciprocity, and relative calibration by comparison with a reference device which has already been the subject of an absolute calibration. The maximum frequency range of the methods specified in this document is from 200 Hz to 1 MHz. The lowest acoustic frequency of application will depend on a number of factors, and will typically be in the range 200 Hz to 5 kHz depending mainly on the dimensions of the chosen test facility, The highest frequency of application for the methods described here is 1 MHz. Procedures for pressure hydrophone calibration at low frequencies can be found in IEC 60565 2 [1] . Procedures for hydrophone calibration at acoustic frequencies greater than 1 MHz are covered by IEC 62127-2 [2]. Excluded from the scope of this document are low-frequency pressure calibrations of hydrophones, which are described in IEC 60565-2 [1]. Also excluded are calibrations of digital hydrophones and systems, calibration of marine autonomous acoustic recorders, calibration of acoustic vector sensors such as particle velocity sensors and pressure gradient hydrophones, calibration of passive sonar arrays consisting of multiple hydrophones, and calibration of active sonar arrays consisting of projectors and hydrophones. This document presents a description of the requirements for free-field calibration in terms of test facility, equipment and instrumentation, signal processing, and frequency limitations. A description of achievable uncertainty and rules for the presentation of the calibration data are provided. Also included are informative annexes that provide additional guidance on • measurement of directional response of a hydrophone or projector, • measurement of electrical impedance of hydrophones and projectors, • electrical loading corrections, • acoustic far-field criteria in underwater acoustic calibration, • pulsed techniques in free-field calibrations, • assessment of uncertainty in the free-field calibration of hydrophones and projectors, • derivation of the formulae for three-transducer spherical-wave reciprocity calibrations, • calibration using travelling-wave tubes, • calibration of hydrophones using optical interferometry, and • calibrations in reverberant water tanks using continuous signals. IEC 60565-1:2020 together with IEC 60565-2:2019, cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 60565 published in 2006. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: 1) removal of all descriptions of methods for pressure calibrations of hydrophones – these are now included in Part 2; 2) removal of the derivations of formulae for free-field reciprocity calibration (both amplitude sensitivity and phase sensitivity) and placement of these into an informative annex; 3) inclusion within the scope of the calibration of the transmitting response of individual source transducers and hydrophones (but not sonar arrays); 4) re-ordering of the sections within the document such that the more general procedures for calibration such as guidance on obtaining conditions of acoustic free-field, far-field, and steady-state, appear before the descriptions of procedures for absolute or relative calibrations; 5) revision of informative Annex A to include guidance on measurement of directional response of a hydrophone or projector; 6) addition of a new informative Annex B on measurement of electrical impedance of hydrophones and projectors; 7) revision of the previous informative annex on electrical loading corrections to include corrections to account for electrical loading by added cables (now Annex C); 8) addition of a new informative Annex D on acoustic far-field criteria in underwater acoustic calibration; 9) revision of the previous informative annex on pulsed techniques in free-field calibrations (now Annex E); 10) revision of the previous informative annex on assessment of uncertainty in the calibration of hydrophones (now Annex F); 11) deletion of the previous informative annex on equivalent circuit of the excitation system for calibration with a vibrating column; 12) addition of a new informative Annex G on derivation of the formulae for three-transducer spherical-wave reciprocity calibration; 13) addition of a new informative Annex H on calibration using travelling-wave tubes; 14) addition of a new informative Annex I on calibration of hydrophones using optical interferometry. 15) addition of a new informative Annex J on calibration in reverberant water tanks using continuous signals.