充油电气设备 矿物油和其他绝缘液体中游离气体的取样和游离气体和溶解气体的分析 指南

[中文适用范围]： 本文档涉及从电力变压器的气体收集继电器中采样自由气体的技术。描述了三种采样自由气体的方法。 从充满油的设备（如电力和仪器变压器、电抗器、套管、充油电缆和充油罐式电容器）中采样油的技术不再涵盖在本文档中，而是描述在IEC 60475:2014:2022, 4.2中。 在分析溶解在油中的气体之前，首先从油中提取气体。描述了三种基本方法，一种是使用真空提取（托普勒和部分脱气），另一种是通过载气通过油样气泡来置换溶解的气体（剥离），最后一种是通过油样和少量载气之间的气体分配（顶空）。提取后通过气相色谱定量分析气体；描述了分析方法。气体收集继电器的自由气体无需预处理即可分析。 确保气体提取和分析设备性能的首选方法是将实验室制备的含有已知浓度气体的油样（“油中气体标准”）脱气，并定量分析提取的气体。描述了两种制备油中气体标准的方法。 对于色谱仪的日常校准检查，使用含有适当已知量的每种气体成分的标准气体混合物是方便的，其比例与从变压器油中提取的气体的常见比例相似。 所描述的技术一方面考虑了与工厂验收测试相关的分析特有的问题，其中油中的气体含量通常非常低；另一方面考虑了现场监测设备所施加的问题，其中样品运输可能通过非加压空运进行，且工厂和检测实验室之间可能存在环境温度的显著差异。 [外文原描述]： IEC 60567:2023 CMV contains both the official standard and its commented version. The commented version provides you with a quick and easy way to compare all the changes between IEC 60567:2023 edition 5.0 and the previous IEC 60567:2011 edition 4.0. Furthermore, comments from IEC TC 10 experts are provided to explain the reasons of the most relevant changes, or to clarify any part of the content. IEC 60567:2023 deals with the techniques for sampling free gases from gas-collecting relays from power transformers. Three methods of sampling free gases are described. The techniques for sampling oil from oil-filled equipment such as power and instrument transformers, reactors, bushings, oil-filled cables and oil-filled tank-type capacitors are no longer covered by this document, but are instead described in IEC 60475:2022, 4.2. Before analysing the gases dissolved in oil, they are first extracted from the oil. Three basic methods are described, one using extraction by vacuum (Toepler and partial degassing), another by displacement of the dissolved gases by bubbling the carrier gas through the oil sample (stripping) and the last one by partition of gases between the oil sample and a small volume of the carrier gas (headspace). The gases are analysed quantitatively after extraction by gas chromatography; a method of analysis is described. Free gases from gas-collecting relays are analysed without preliminary treatment.