充油电气设备 矿物油和其他绝缘液体中游离气体的取样和游离气体和溶解气体的分析 指南

[中文适用范围]： 本文件涉及从电力变压器气体收集继电器中采集自由气体的技术。描述了三种采集自由气体的方法。 从油浸设备（如电力和仪表变压器、电抗器、套管、油浸电缆和油浸罐式电容器）中采集油的技术不再由本文件涵盖，而是在IEC 60475:2022的4.2中描述。 在分析溶解在油中的气体之前，首先从油中提取气体。描述了三种基本方法，一种使用真空提取（Toepler和部分脱气），另一种通过载气通过油样鼓泡（汽提）置换溶解气体，最后一种通过气体在油样和小体积载气之间的分配（顶空）。提取后通过气相色谱法对气体进行定量分析；描述了一种分析方法。气体收集继电器中的自由气体无需预处理即可分析。 确保气体提取和分析设备性能的首选方法是将油样脱气和定量分析气体。描述了两种制备油中气体标准的方法。 对于色谱仪的日常校准检查，使用含有适当已知量每种气体组分的标准气体混合物是方便的，其比例与从变压器油中提取的气体的常见比例相似。 描述的技术一方面考虑了与工厂验收测试相关的分析特有的问题，其中油中的气体含量通常非常低，另一方面考虑了现场监测设备所施加的问题，其中样品可以通过非加压空运运输，并且设备和检查实验室之间可能存在相当大的环境温度差异。 [外文原描述]： IEC 60567:2023 deals with the techniques for sampling free gases from gas-collecting relays from power transformers. Three methods of sampling free gases are described. The techniques for sampling oil from oil-filled equipment such as power and instrument transformers, reactors, bushings, oil-filled cables and oil-filled tank-type capacitors are no longer covered by this document, but are instead described in IEC 60475:2022, 4.2. Before analysing the gases dissolved in oil, they are first extracted from the oil. Three basic methods are described, one using extraction by vacuum (Toepler and partial degassing), another by displacement of the dissolved gases by bubbling the carrier gas through the oil sample (stripping) and the last one by partition of gases between the oil sample and a small volume of the carrier gas (headspace). The gases are analysed quantitatively after extraction by gas chromatography; a method of analysis is described. Free gases from gas-collecting relays are analysed without preliminary treatment.