电磁兼容性 (EMC) 第4-2部分：测试和测量技术 静电放电抗扰度测试

[中文适用范围]： IEC 61000 的这一部分涉及电气和电子设备在受到操作员直接和人员向邻近物体静电放电时所受的抗扰度要求和测试方法。它还规定了与不同环境和安装条件相关的测试等级范围，并制定了测试程序。本文件的目的是建立一个通用且可重复的基础，用于评估电气和电子设备在受到静电放电时的性能。此外，它还包括人员向设备附近物体发生的静电放电。本文件规定： – 放电电流的理想波形； – 测试等级范围； – 测试设备； – 测试设置； – 测试程序； – 校准程序； – 测量不确定度。本文件给出了实验室测试的规范和安装后测试的指导。本文件不旨在指定要应用于特定设备或系统的测试。主要目的是为所有相关产品委员会提供一般的基本参考。产品委员会仍负责选择适当的测试和要应用于其设备的严重程度。本文件不包括用于评估设备在搬运和包装过程中的 ESD 敏感度的测试。它不适用于表征 ESD 保护电路的性能。 [外文原描述]： IEC 61000-4-2: 2025 relates to the immunity requirements and test methods for electrical and electronic equipment subjected to static electricity discharges from operators directly and from personnel to adjacent objects. It additionally specifies ranges of test levels which relate to different environmental, and installation conditions and establishes test procedures. The objective of this document is to establish a common and reproducible basis for evaluating the performance of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to electrostatic discharges. In addition, it includes electrostatic discharges which can occur from personnel to objects near the equipment. This document specifies: - ideal waveform of the discharge current; - range of test levels; - test equipment; - test setup; - test procedure; - calibration procedure; - measurement uncertainty. This document gives specifications for tests performed in laboratories and guidance to post-installation tests. This document is not intended to specify the tests to be applied to particular apparatus or systems. The main aim is to give a general basic reference to all concerned product committees. The product committees remain responsible for the appropriate choice of the tests and the severity level to be applied to their equipment. This document excludes tests intended to evaluate the ESD sensitivity of devices during handling and packaging. It is not intended for use in characterizing the performance of ESD protection circuit IEC Guide 107. This document forms Part 4-2 of IEC 61000. It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) added a calibration requirement for ESD generators with air discharge tip; b) added a normative annex for test setups for particular kind of equipment (see Annex I); c) added an informative annex for wearable devices (see Annex J); d) added an informative annex on how to select test points and give guidance on how to specify the number of pulses for direct contact discharges (see Annex E); e) moved Clause 9 into a new informative annex (see Annex K); f) improvement of the current calibration procedure; g) improvement of the measurement uncertainty considerations with examples of uncertainty budgets; h) because post-installation tests cannot be performed in a controlled environment, this test method has been moved into a new informative Annex G.