+AMD1:2025 CSV 电磁兼容性(EMC) 第4-23部分：试验和测量技术 HEMP和其他辐射骚扰防护装置的试验方法

[中文适用范围]： IEC 61000-4-23:2016+AMD1:2025 CSV 提供了一种用于测试 HEMP（高空电磁脉冲）及其他辐射干扰的保护装置测试方法。该标准主要适用于 HEMP 测试，但在适当的情况下也可用于其他外部产生的辐射干扰。该标准简要描述了测试屏蔽元件时最重要的概念。对于每项测试，提供了以下基本信息：- 测试的理论基础（测试概念）；- 测试设置，包括从外部到内部和从内部到外部的测量；- 所需设备；- 测试步骤；- 数据处理。该国际标准并未提供关于具体测试水平要求的信息。由于空间限制，通常建议将发射天线放置在屏障外部。然而，目前许多实际应用中的 EMP 保护设施由于物理限制（如混凝土墙或土壤）而无法在电磁屏障外部提供足够的空间，因此无法正确应用 IEC 61000-4-23:2000（第一版）中描述的方法。根据经验，许多设施仅能提供最多 1 米的分离距离，因此在许多实际情况下，按照以前文档的测试方法进行屏蔽效果测量是不可行的。EMP 保护设施的建设者也不愿意为发射天线在屏障外部进行测量而额外增加空间，因为这会导致新建筑或现有建筑操作区域的大规模浪费和成本高昂。本文件另外提供了一种方法，使发射天线可以放置在内部，接收天线则位于屏障外部（“从内部到外部”方法）。附录 F 包含测试设置和步骤的示例。本第二版取消并替换了 2000 年发布的首版。本版构成技术修订。与前一版相比，本版包含以下重大技术变更：a) 第 5 条中对屏蔽效果（SE）测试方法的更新；b) 新增附录 F，描述了用于“从内部到外部”测试的方法。 [外文原描述]： IEC 61000-4-23:2016+AMD1:2025 CSV provides a protective devices test method for HEMP and other radiated disturbances. It is primarily intended for HEMP testing but can be applied to other externally generated radiated disturbances where appropriate. It provides a brief description of the most important concepts for testing of shielding elements. For each test, the following basic information is provided: - theoretical foundation of the test (the test concepts); - test set-up including outside-to-in and inside-to-out measurements; - required equipment; - test procedures; - data processing. This international standard does not provide information on requirements for specific levels for testing. Due to the available space, a transmitting antenna position outside the barrier has mainly been suggested. However, nowadays, many EMP protection facilities in practical use do not actually have enough space available outside the electromagnetic barrier due to physical constraints such as concrete walls or soil to allow the method described in IEC 61000-4-23:2000 (edition 1) to be applied correctly. From experience many facilities have available space for a 1 m separation or less only. Therefore, in many practical cases it is not possible to measure shielding effectiveness according to the test method of previous documents. The constructors for EMP protection facilities are also unwilling to build facilities with extra space for measurements with the transmitting antenna outside the barrier due to the great expense and inefficiency of the operational working area for new or existing buildings. This document provides additionally a method that allows the transmitting antenna to be placed inside the enclosure and the receiving antenna outside the barrier ('inside-to-out' method). Annex F includes test set-up and procedure examples. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2000. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) updates to the shielding effectiveness (SE) test method in Clause 5; b) a new Annex F describing methods for testing 'inside-to-out' has been added.