机械安全 电敏保护设备 第3部分：响应漫反射的有源光电子保护装置的特殊要求

[中文适用范围]： IEC 61496-3:2025 CMV包含标准的正式文本及其带注释版本。带注释版本为用户提供了一种便捷的途径，用于比较IEC 61496-3:2025第四版与IEC 61496-3:2018第三版之间的所有变更内容。此外，IEC TC 44专家组的评论也提供在内，用于解释最重要的变更原因或阐明内容的某些部分。 IEC 61496-3:2025规定了非接触式电敏感保护设备（ESPE）的设计、制造和测试的附加要求。这些设备专门用于安全相关系统中检测人员或人员的某一部分，采用对漫反射有响应的主动光电保护装置（AOPDDRs）实现感知功能。特别关注于确保达到适当安全性能的要求。 ESPE可以包含一些可选的安全相关功能，这些功能的要求既在本文附录A中，也在IEC 61496-1:2020附录A中。 注：“非接触”意味着感知无需物理接触。本文件不规定任何特定应用中检测区域的尺寸或配置及其与危险部位的关系，也不规定机器的危险状态构成。本文件仅限于ESPE的功能及其与机器的接口方式。 AOPDDRs是指具有以下特征的设备： - 一个或多个在二维范围内指定的检测区域（AOPDDR-2D），或 - 一个或多个在三维范围内指定的检测区域（AOPDDR-3D），其中辐射在近红外范围内由发射元件发出。当辐射照射到物体（如人或人的一部分）时，部分辐射通过漫反射反射到接收元件。这种反射用于确定物体的位置。 仅执行单一的一维点状距离测量的光电设备（例如光学接近开关）不包含在本文件中。 本文件仅限于无需人工干预进行检测的ESPE。它仅限于检测进入或存在于检测区域中的物体的ESPE。本文件不涉及用于对检测对象进行复杂分类或区分的方面。本文件不涉及户外应用的要求和测试。 本文件不包括使用波长峰值在820 nm至1 100 nm范围之外的辐射的AOPDDRs，也不包括使用非AOPDDR自身产生的辐射的AOPDDRs。对于使用超出此波长范围的辐射的感知设备，本文件可作为指导。 本文件适用于最小可检测物体尺寸在30 mm至200 mm范围内的AOPDDRs。除人员保护外，本文件还可能适用于其他应用，如对机械或产品进行机械损伤保护。在这些应用中，可能需要不同的要求，例如当被感知功能识别的材料的特性与人员及其衣物的特性不同时。 本文件不涉及电磁兼容性（EMC）发射要求。 本第四版取代2018年出版的第三版，构成技术修订版。与前一版相比，本版包含以下重大技术变更： a) 一些要求条款和测试程序因已整合到IEC 61496-1:2020中而进行了调整或删除（例如第5.4.6.2条“光源”和附录A.9）； b) 对类型2 AOPDDR的最小检测概率和故障检测要求进行了更改； c) 在附录A.13中将AOPDDR用作触发装置描述为可选功能。 [外文原描述]： IEC 61496-3:2025 CMV contains both the official standard and its commented version. The commented version provides you with a quick and easy way to compare all the changes between IEC 61496-3:2025 edition 4.0 and the previous IEC 61496-3:2018 edition 3.0. Furthermore, comments from IEC TC 44 experts are provided to explain the reasons of the most relevant changes, or to clarify any part of the content. IEC 61496-3:2025 specifies additional requirements for the design, construction and testing of non‑contact electro-sensitive protective equipment (ESPE) designed specifically to detect persons or parts of persons as part of a safety-related system, employing active opto-electronic protective devices responsive to diffuse reflection (AOPDDRs) for the sensing function. Special attention is directed to requirements which ensure that an appropriate safety-related performance is achieved. An ESPE can include optional safety-related functions, the requirements for which are given both in Annex A of this document and in Annex A of IEC 61496‑1:2020. NOTE "Non-contact" means that physical contact is not required for sensing. This document does not specify the dimensions or configurations of the detection zone and its disposition in relation to hazardous parts for any particular application, nor what constitutes a hazardous state of any machine. It is restricted to the functioning of the ESPE and how it interfaces with the machine. AOPDDRs are devices that have either - one or more detection zone(s) specified in two dimensions (AOPDDR-2D), or - one or more detection zone(s) specified in three dimensions (AOPDDR-3D) wherein radiation in the near infrared range is emitted by an emitting element(s). When the emitted radiation impinges on an object (for example, a person or part of a person), a portion of the emitted radiation is reflected to a receiving element(s) by diffuse reflection. This reflection is used to determine the position of the object. Opto-electronic devices that perform only a single one-dimensional spot-like distance measure­ment, for example, optical proximity switches, are not covered by this document. This document is limited to ESPE that do not require human intervention for detection. It is limited to ESPE that detect objects entering into or being present in a detection zone(s). This document does not address those aspects required for complex classification or differentiation of the object detected. This document does not address requirements and tests for outdoor application. Excluded from this document are AOPDDRs employing radiation with the peak of wavelength outside the range 820 nm to 1 100 nm, and those employing radiation other than that generated by the AOPDDR itself. For sensing devices that employ radiation of wavelengths outside this range, this document can be used as a guide. This document is relevant for AOPDDRs having a minimum detectable object size in the range from 30 mm to 200 mm. This document can be relevant to applications other than those for the protection of persons, for example, for the protection of machinery or products from mechanical damage. In those applications, different requirements can be appropriate, for example when the materials that are recognized by the sensing function have different properties from those of persons and their clothing. This document does not deal with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) emission requirements. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2018. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) some requirement clauses and test procedures have been adapted or removed because they have been consolidated in IEC 61496-1:2020 (e.g. 5.4.6.2 Light sources and Clause A.9); b) change of the minimum probability of detection and fault detection requirements for Type 2 AOPDDR; c) using the AOPDDR as a trip device is described as an optional function in Clause A.13.