机械安全 电敏感防护设备 第3部分：对漫反射响应的主动光电防护装置（AOPDDR）的特殊要求

[中文适用范围]： IEC 61496-3:2025 规定了非接触式电敏感保护设备（ESPE）的设计、制造和测试的附加要求，这些设备专门用于在安全相关系统中检测人员或人员的某部分，其感知功能使用对漫反射有响应的主动光电保护装置（AOPDDR）。特别关注的是确保实现适当安全性能的要求。ESPE 可以包含可选的安全相关功能，这些功能的要求既见于本文件的附录 A，也见于 IEC 61496-1:2020 的附录 A。注：“非接触”意味着感知不需要物理接触。本文件未规定检测区域的尺寸或配置及其相对于危险部位的位置，也未规定机器的危险状态。本文件仅限于 ESPE 的功能及其如何与机器接口。AOPDDR 是具有以下任意一种情况的设备： - 在二维中指定的一个或多个检测区域（AOPDDR-2D），或者 - 在三维中指定的一个或多个检测区域（AOPDDR-3D），其中近红外范围的辐射由发射元件发出。当发射的辐射照射到一个物体（如人或人体的一部分）时，一部分发射的辐射通过漫反射反射到接收元件。这种反射用于确定物体的位置。仅执行单一的一维点状距离测量的光电设备（如光电接近开关）不涵盖在本文件中。本文件仅限于不需人为干预进行检测的 ESPE。本文件仅限于检测进入或存在于检测区域中的物体的 ESPE。本文件不涉及对检测到的物体进行复杂分类或区分所需的方面。本文件不涉及户外应用的要求和测试。本文件不包括使用波长峰值不在 820 nm 至 1 100 nm 范围内的辐射的 AOPDDR，以及使用非 AOPDDR 本身产生的辐射的 AOPDDR。对于使用波长范围在此范围之外的辐射的感知设备，本文件可作为参考。本文件适用于最小可检测物体尺寸在 30 mm 至 200 mm 范围内的 AOPDDR。本文件可适用于除保护人员以外的应用，例如保护机械或产品免受机械损伤。在这些应用中，可以适用不同的要求，例如当被感知功能识别的材料的特性与人员及其衣物的特性不同时。本文件不涉及电磁兼容性（EMC）发射要求。本第四版取消并替换了 2018 年出版的第三版。本版构成技术修订。与前一版相比，本版包括以下重大技术更改： a) 一些要求条款和测试程序已被调整或删除，因为它们已整合在 IEC 61496-1:2020 中（例如第 5.4.6.2 条“光源”和附录 A.9）； b) 对类型 2 AOPDDR 的最小探测概率和故障探测要求进行了更改； c) 在附录 A.13 中将 AOPDDR 作为触发装置使用描述为一个可选功能。 [外文原描述]： IEC 61496-3:2025 specifies additional requirements for the design, construction and testing of non‑contact electro-sensitive protective equipment (ESPE) designed specifically to detect persons or parts of persons as part of a safety-related system, employing active opto-electronic protective devices responsive to diffuse reflection (AOPDDRs) for the sensing function. Special attention is directed to requirements which ensure that an appropriate safety-related performance is achieved. An ESPE can include optional safety-related functions, the requirements for which are given both in Annex A of this document and in Annex A of IEC 61496‑1:2020. NOTE "Non-contact" means that physical contact is not required for sensing. This document does not specify the dimensions or configurations of the detection zone and its disposition in relation to hazardous parts for any particular application, nor what constitutes a hazardous state of any machine. It is restricted to the functioning of the ESPE and how it interfaces with the machine. AOPDDRs are devices that have either - one or more detection zone(s) specified in two dimensions (AOPDDR-2D), or - one or more detection zone(s) specified in three dimensions (AOPDDR-3D) wherein radiation in the near infrared range is emitted by an emitting element(s). When the emitted radiation impinges on an object (for example, a person or part of a person), a portion of the emitted radiation is reflected to a receiving element(s) by diffuse reflection. This reflection is used to determine the position of the object. Opto-electronic devices that perform only a single one-dimensional spot-like distance measure­ment, for example, optical proximity switches, are not covered by this document. This document is limited to ESPE that do not require human intervention for detection. It is limited to ESPE that detect objects entering into or being present in a detection zone(s). This document does not address those aspects required for complex classification or differentiation of the object detected. This document does not address requirements and tests for outdoor application. Excluded from this document are AOPDDRs employing radiation with the peak of wavelength outside the range 820 nm to 1 100 nm, and those employing radiation other than that generated by the AOPDDR itself. For sensing devices that employ radiation of wavelengths outside this range, this document can be used as a guide. This document is relevant for AOPDDRs having a minimum detectable object size in the range from 30 mm to 200 mm. This document can be relevant to applications other than those for the protection of persons, for example, for the protection of machinery or products from mechanical damage. In those applications, different requirements can be appropriate, for example when the materials that are recognized by the sensing function have different properties from those of persons and their clothing. This document does not deal with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) emission requirements. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2018. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) some requirement clauses and test procedures have been adapted or removed because they have been consolidated in IEC 61496-1:2020 (e.g. 5.4.6.2 Light sources and Clause A.9); b) change of the minimum probability of detection and fault detection requirements for Type 2 AOPDDR; c) using the AOPDDR as a trip device is described as an optional function in Clause A.13.