低压电涌保护器 第11部分：连接到交流低压电源系统的电涌保护器 要求和试验方法

[中文适用范围]： IEC 61643-11:2025适用于用于防雷和其它瞬态过电压的浪涌保护装置。这些装置用于连接到额定电压最高为1000V有效值的交流电源电路和设备，本文件考虑的主要频率为50/60Hz，其他频率并不排除。本文件规定了该装置的性能和安全要求、测试及额定值。这些装置至少包含一个非线性元件，用于限制浪涌电压和分流浪涌电流。本文件规定的测试要求基于SPD连接到由提供线性电压-电流特性的电源供电的交流电源电路的假设。当SPD要连接到其他类型的电源或不同频率时，应谨慎考虑。此点主要适用于预期在该系统中可能出现的系统和故障条件（如预期短路电流、暂态过电压应力等）。在没有相关产品标准的铁路应用或其他特定应用中，本文件也可适用。基于风险评估，对于专为某些特定电力应用设计的SPD（如低功率电路、由非线性电源供电的电路、与公用电网隔离的电路），可能无需全部适用本文件的要求。注意1：有关风险评估的更多信息可在IEC指南116中找到。注意2：根据国家法规可能会有其他排除情况。 本版与前一版相比，有以下重大技术变更：a) 本文件中包含了针对交流应用SPD的特定要求，而所有SPD的通用要求则纳入IEC 61643-01；b) 明确了测试适用于完整的SPD、某种“保护模式”或完整的“SPD组件”；c) 增加了对“综合保护模式”下带电导体与PE线之间的电压保护水平的测量；d) 对T1和T2类SPD增加了一项带有跟随电流的职责测试，以检查在较低冲击电流下跟随电流值的变化；e) 修改和补充了短路电流测试要求，以便更好地涵盖当前内部SPD断路器技术；f) 改进了SPD主电路的绝缘测试要求，并增加了对“电气隔离电路”的绝缘测试要求；g) 增加了对“电气隔离电路”的间距要求。本文件的要求补充、修改或替代IEC 61643-01中的一些一般要求，并应与IEC 61643-01的最新版本一起阅读和应用，如本文第2章中未注明日期的规范性引用所示。 [外文原描述]： IEC 61643-11:2025 is applicable to devices for surge protection against indirect and direct effects of lightning or other transient overvoltages. These devices are intended to be connected to AC power circuits and equipment rated up to 1 000 V RMS, the preferred frequencies taken into account in this document are 50/60 Hz. Other frequencies are not excluded. Performance and safety requirements, tests and ratings are specified in this document. These devices contain at least one nonlinear component and are intended to limit surge voltages and divert surge currents. The test requirements provided by this document are based on the assumption that the SPD is connected to an AC power circuit fed by a power source providing a linear voltage-current characteristic. When the SPD is to be connected to a different kind of source or to a different frequency, careful consideration is required. This mainly applies with regard to system and fault conditions to be expected in such a system (e.g. expected short circuit current, TOV-stresses). This document can apply for railway applications, when related product standards do not exist for that area or for certain applications. Based on a risk assessment it might not be necessary to apply all requirements of this document to SPDs designed for specific power applications only, e.g. circuits with a low power capability, circuits supplied by nonlinear sources, circuits with protective separation from the utility supply. NOTE 1 More information on risk assessment is provided in IEC Guide 116. NOTE 2 Other exclusions based on national regulations are possible. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) Specific requirements for SPDs for AC applications are now contained in this document, whereas the common requirements for all SPDs are now contained in IEC 61643-01; b) Clarification on test application either to a complete SPD, to a "mode of protection", or to a complete "SPD assembly"; c) Additional measurement of voltage protection level on "combined modes of protection" between live conductors and PE; d) Additional duty test for T1 and T2 SPDs with follow current to check variation of the follow current value at lower impulse currents; e) Modified and amended short circuit current test requirements to better cover up to date internal SPD disconnector technologies; f) Improved dielectric test requirements for the SPD's main circuits and added dielectric test requirements for "electrically separated circuits"; g) Additional clearance requirements for "electrically separated circuits". The requirements of this document supplement, modify or replace certain of the general requirements contained in IEC 61643-01 and shall be read and applied together with the latest edition of IEC 61643-01, as indicated by the undated normative reference in Clause 2 of this document.