电声学.声级计.第1部分:规范

[中文适用范围]： 本部分IEC标准提供了三种声测量仪器的电声学性能规范：时间计权声级计（测量指数时间计权、频率计权的声级）；积分平均声级计（测量时间平均、频率计权的声级）；积分声级计（测量频率计权声暴露级）。符合本标准要求的声音级计具有规定的频率响应，声音从主要方向入射到麦克风时在声自由场中，或依次从随机方向入射。本规范中指定的声级计旨在测量通常在人类听觉范围内的声音。注：IEC 61012中指定的AU频率计权可用于存在频谱分量频率大于20 kHz的声源环境中测量A计权可听声级。本规范规定了两类性能类别：1类和2类。一般来说，1类和2类声级计的规范具有相同的设计目标，主要区别在于接受限和运行温度范围。2类的接受限大于或等于1类。本规范适用于声级计的各种设计。声级计可以是带有附属麦克风和内置显示设备的独立手持仪器；也可以由一个或多个外壳中的独立组件组成，能够显示各种声学信号电平。声级计可以包含广泛的模拟或数字信号处理，单独或组合使用，并具有多种模拟和数字输出。声级计可以包括通用计算机、记录器、打印机以及其他构成完整仪器必要部分的设备。声级计可设计为有操作员在场时使用，也可设计为无操作员在场时进行自动和连续的声级测量。本规范中关于声波响应的规范在无操作员在场时适用于声场中。 [外文原描述]： IEC 61672-1:2013 gives electroacoustical performance specifications for three kinds of sound measuring instruments: - time-weighting sound level meters that measure exponential-time-weighted, frequency-weighted sound levels; - integrating-averaging sound level meters that measure time-averaged, frequency-weighted sound levels; and - integrating sound level meters that measure frequency-weighted sound exposure levels. Sound level meters specified in this standard are intended to measure sounds generally in the range of human hearing. Two performance categories, class 1 and class 2, are specified in this standard. Acceptance limits for class 2 are greater than, or equal to, those for class 1. This standard is applicable to a range of designs for sound level meters. A sound level meter may be a self-contained hand-held instrument with an attached microphone and a built-in display device. A sound level meter may be comprised of separate components in one or more enclosures and may be capable of displaying a variety of acoustical signal levels. Sound level meters may include extensive analogue or digital signal processing, separately or in combination, with multiple analogue and digital outputs. Sound level meters may include general-purpose computers, recorders, printers, and other devices that form a necessary part of the complete instrument. Sound level meters may be designed for use with an operator present or for automatic and continuous measurements of sound level without an operator present. Specifications in this standard for the response to sound waves apply without an operator present in the sound field. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2002. It constitutes a technical revision. In this second edition, conformance to specifications is demonstrated when measured deviations from design goals do not exceed the applicable acceptance limits, and when the uncertainty of measurement does not exceed the corresponding maximum-permitted uncertainty, with both uncertainties determined for a coverage probability of 95 %.