液压机械.卡普兰、方济和冲击式水轮机中处理水力磨料侵蚀的指南

[中文适用范围]： 本文件提供了以下方面的指南： a) 展示关于多种水质、操作条件、组件材料和组件属性组合下的水力磨蚀侵蚀率数据； b) 制定通过水力设计修改以减少水力磨蚀侵蚀的方法指南； c) 基于“经验数据”制定关于材料相对抗水力磨蚀侵蚀性能的指南； d) 制定关于高抗水力磨蚀侵蚀材料的可维护性指南； e) 制定关于业主可采取的措施以确保规范传达对水力设计方面特别关注的指南； f) 制定关于在含有颗粒物质的水中运行水轮机以延长使用寿命的操作模式指南。 本文件假设水不具有化学侵蚀性。由于化学侵蚀性取决于多种可能的化学成分和机器材料，本文件不涉及这些问题。 本文件假设涡轮机中不存在气蚀。气蚀和磨蚀可能相互增强，导致侵蚀大于气蚀侵蚀加磨蚀侵蚀的总和。本文件不评估这种侵蚀的定量关系，但建议在涡轮机设计阶段特别努力以减少气蚀。 本文件主要关注水力发电厂设备，某些部分可能也适用于其他水力机械。 [外文原描述]： IEC 62364:2019 RLV contains both the official IEC International Standard and its Redline version. The Redline version is available in English only and provides you with a quick and easy way to compare all the changes between the official IEC Standard and its previous edition. IEC 62364:2019 gives guidelines for: a) presenting data on hydro-abrasive erosion rates on several combinations of water quality, operating conditions, component materials, and component properties collected from a variety of hydro sites; b) developing guidelines for the methods of minimizing hydro-abrasive erosion by modifications to hydraulic design for clean water. These guidelines do not include details such as hydraulic profile shapes which are determined by the hydraulic design experts for a given site; c) developing guidelines based on “experience data” concerning the relative resistance of materials faced with hydro-abrasive erosion problems; d) developing guidelines concerning the maintainability of materials with high resistance to hydro-abrasive erosion and hardcoatings; e) developing guidelines on a recommended approach, which owners could and should take to ensure that specifications communicate the need for particular attention to this aspect of hydraulic design at their sites without establishing criteria which cannot be satisfied because the means are beyond the control of the manufacturers; f) developing guidelines concerning operation mode of the hydro turbines in water with particle materials to increase the operation life. It is assumed in this document that the water is not chemically aggressive. Since chemical aggressiveness is dependent upon so many possible chemical compositions, and the materials of the machine, it is beyond the scope of this document to address these issues. It is assumed in this document that cavitation is not present in the turbine. Cavitation and hydro-abrasive erosion can reinforce each other so that the resulting erosion is larger than the sum of cavitation erosion plus hydro-abrasive erosion. The quantitative relationship of the resulting hydro-abrasive erosion is not known and it is beyond the scope of this document to assess it, except to suggest that special efforts be made in the turbine design phase to minimize cavitation. Large solids (e.g. stones, wood, ice, metal objects, etc.) traveling with the water can impact turbine components and produce damage. This damage can in turn increase the flow turbulence thereby accelerating wear by both cavitation and hydro-abrasive erosion. Hydro-abrasive erosion resistant coatings can also be damaged locally by impact of large solids. It is beyond the scope of this document to address these issues. This document focuses mainly on hydroelectric powerplant equipment. Certain portions can also be applicable to other hydraulic machines. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) the formula for TBO in Pelton reference model has been modified; b) the formula for calculating sampling interval has been modified; c) the chapter in hydro-abrasive erosion resistant coatings has been substantially modified; d) the annex with test data for hydro-abrasive erosion resistant materials has been removed; e) a simplified hydro-abrasive erosion evaluation has been added. Key words: Hydraulic Machines, Hydro-Abrasive Erosion, Kaplan, Francis, Pelton Turbines.