标准摘要
[中文适用范围]： 本文件提供了以下指南： a) 提供从各种水力工地收集的水质@操作条件@部件材料@和部件特性的几种组合的水力磨料侵蚀率数据； b) 通过修改清洁水的水力设计来制定尽量减少水力磨料侵蚀的方法指南。这些指南不包括由给定地点的水力设计专家确定的水力剖面形状等细节； c) 根据“经验数据”制定指南关于面临水磨蚀问题的材料的相对抵抗力； d) 制定关于具有高抗水磨蚀性和硬涂层的材料的可维护性的指南； e) 制定关于推荐方法@的指南，业主可以而且应该采取这些指南，以确保规范传达了对其现场水利设计这一方面给予特别关注的必要性，而没有建立因手段超出业主控制范围而无法满足的标准。制造商； f) 制定有关水轮机在含有颗粒材料的水中运行模式的指南，以延长运行寿命。本文件假设水不具有化学腐蚀性。由于化学侵蚀性取决于许多可能的化学成分@和机器材料@，因此解决这些问题超出了本文档的范围。在本文件中假设涡轮机中不存在气穴现象。空化和水力磨料侵蚀可以相互加强，使得所产生的侵蚀大于空化侵蚀加上水力磨料侵蚀的总和。由此产生的水力磨料侵蚀的定量关系尚不清楚，评估它超出了本文件的范围，除非建议在涡轮机设计阶段做出特殊努力以尽量减少气蚀。随水移动的大固体（例如石头@木材@冰@金属物体@等）可能会影响涡轮机部件并产生损坏。这种损坏反过来会增加流动湍流，从而加速空化和水力磨料侵蚀造成的磨损。水力磨料抗侵蚀涂层也会因大固体的冲击而局部损坏。解决这些问题超出了本文档的范围。本文件主要关注水力发电厂设备。某些部分也可适用于其他液压机。 [外文原描述]： IEC 62364:2019 gives guidelines for: a) presenting data on hydro-abrasive erosion rates on several combinations of water quality, operating conditions, component materials, and component properties collected from a variety of hydro sites; b) developing guidelines for the methods of minimizing hydro-abrasive erosion by modifications to hydraulic design for clean water. These guidelines do not include details such as hydraulic profile shapes which are determined by the hydraulic design experts for a given site; c) developing guidelines based on “experience data” concerning the relative resistance of materials faced with hydro-abrasive erosion problems; d) developing guidelines concerning the maintainability of materials with high resistance to hydro-abrasive erosion and hardcoatings; e) developing guidelines on a recommended approach, which owners could and should take to ensure that specifications communicate the need for particular attention to this aspect of hydraulic design at their sites without establishing criteria which cannot be satisfied because the means are beyond the control of the manufacturers; f) developing guidelines concerning operation mode of the hydro turbines in water with particle materials to increase the operation life. It is assumed in this document that the water is not chemically aggressive. Since chemical aggressiveness is dependent upon so many possible chemical compositions, and the materials of the machine, it is beyond the scope of this document to address these issues. It is assumed in this document that cavitation is not present in the turbine. Cavitation and hydro-abrasive erosion can reinforce each other so that the resulting erosion is larger than the sum of cavitation erosion plus hydro-abrasive erosion. The quantitative relationship of the resulting hydro-abrasive erosion is not known and it is beyond the scope of this document to assess it, except to suggest that special efforts be made in the turbine design phase to minimize cavitation. Large solids (e.g. stones, wood, ice, metal objects, etc.) traveling with the water can impact turbine components and produce damage. This damage can in turn increase the flow turbulence thereby accelerating wear by both cavitation and hydro-abrasive erosion. Hydro-abrasive erosion resistant coatings can also be damaged locally by impact of large solids. It is beyond the scope of this document to address these issues. This document focuses mainly on hydroelectric powerplant equipment. Certain portions can also be applicable to other hydraulic machines. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) the formula for TBO in Pelton reference model has been modified; b) the formula for calculating sampling interval has been modified; c) the chapter in hydro-abrasive erosion resistant coatings has been substantially modified; d) the annex with test data for hydro-abrasive erosion resistant materials has been removed; e) a simplified hydro-abrasive erosion evaluation has been added. Key words: Hydraulic Machines, Hydro-Abrasive Erosion, Kaplan, Francis, Pelton Turbines.
英文名称Hydraulic machines - Guidelines for dealing with hydro-abrasive erosion in Kaplan, Francis and Pelton turbines