铁路应用 通信、信号和处理系统 信号传输的安全相关电子系统

[中文适用范围]： IEC 62425:2025适用于铁路信号应用的安全相关电子系统（包括子系统和设备）。本文档适用于通用系统（即通用产品或定义一类应用的系统），也适用于特定应用的系统。本文件的范围及其与其他 IEC 和 CENELEC 标准的关系如图 1 所示。本文件仅适用于系统的功能安全。它不涉及安全的其他方面，例如职业健康和人员安全。虽然系统的功能安全显然会对人员安全产生影响，但系统设计的其他方面也会影响职业健康和安全，而本文件并未涵盖这些方面。功能安全的网络安全方面仅在有限的范围内得到解决。本文件适用于安全相关电子系统生命周期的所有阶段，尤其关注 IEC 62278-1:- 中定义的第 5 阶段（系统要求的架构和分配）至第 10 阶段（系统验收）。与安全无关的系统的要求不在本文件的讨论范围内。本文件不适用于在本文件制定之前已经被接受的现有系统、子系统或设备。然而，在合理可行的范围内，它适用于对现有系统、子系统和设备的修改和扩展。本文件主要适用于专门为铁路信号应用设计和制造的系统、子系统或设备。在合理可行的范围内，它也适用于采购作为安全相关电子系统一部分的通用或工业设备（例如电源、显示屏或其他商用现货）。该文件针对的是铁路责任人、铁路供应商和评估人员以及安全部门，尽管它没有定义安全部门应采用的审批流程。第二版取消并取代了 2007 年出版的第一版。该版本构成技术修订。此版本与前一版本相比包括以下重大技术变化：a) 与 IEC 62278-1 中定义的生命周期阶段更加一致； b) 第5条描述了适用于安全相关电子系统开发的要求（直到生命周期的第9阶段）； c)第8条重点规定了安全相关电子系统的安全验收与批准要求以及后续阶段的要求； d) 在第 6 条中增加了有关以下主题的要求和指导： - 重新使用现有系统， - 安全相关工具， - 网络安全威胁对功能安全的影响， - 特定的应用安全案例； e) 安全案例的结构和内容的要求现在在专门的第 7 条中定义； f) 附件A已更新，涉及安全完整性要求的规范和分配； g) 将原附录D的内容合并到附录B中,内容由资料性附录变为规范性附录; h) 附件E的地位由资料性附录变为规范性附录； i) 添加了附件 F 作为关于用户可编程集成电路的资料性附件。 IEC 62425:2007 与本文件之间的变化的更详细比较可以在附件 G 中找到。 [外文原描述]： IEC 62425:2025 is applicable to safety-related electronic systems (including subsystems and equipment) for railway signalling applications. This document applies to generic systems (i.e. generic products or systems defining a class of applications), as well as to systems for specific applications. The scope of this document, and its relationship with other IEC and CENELEC standards, are shown in Figure 1. This document is applicable only to the functional safety of systems. It does not deal with other aspects of safety such as the occupational health and safety of personnel. While functional safety of systems clearly can have an impact on the safety of personnel, there are other aspects of system design which can also affect occupational health and safety and which are not covered by this document. Cybersecurity aspects of functional safety are addressed only to a limited extent. This document applies to all the phases of the life cycle of a safety-related electronic system, focusing in particular on phases 5 (architecture and apportionment of system requirements) to 10 (system acceptance) as defined in IEC 62278-1: - Requirements for systems which are not related to safety are outside the scope of this document. This document is not applicable to existing systems, subsystems or equipment which had already been accepted prior to the development of this document. However, so far as reasonably practicable, it is applicable to modifications and extensions to existing systems, subsystems and equipment. This document is primarily applicable to systems, subsystems or equipment which have been specifically designed and manufactured for railway signalling applications. It is also applicable, so far as reasonably practicable, to general-purpose or industrial equipment (e.g. power supplies, display screens or other commercial off the shelf items), which is procured for use as part of a safety-related electronic system. This document is aimed at railway duty holders, railway suppliers, and assessors as well as at safety authorities, although it does not define an approval process to be applied by the safety authorities. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2007. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) a better alignment with the life cycle phases defined in IEC 62278-1 has been made; b) Clause 5 describes the requirements that apply to the development of safety-related electronic systems (until phase 9 of the life cycle); c) Clause 8 focuses on the requirements for safety acceptance and approval of safety-related electronic systems and subsequent phases; d) requirements and guidance have been added in Clause 6 on the following topics: - reuse of pre-existing systems, - safety-related tools, - impact of cybersecurity threats on functional safety, - specific application safety cases; e) requirements for the structure and content of the safety case are now defined in a dedicated Clause 7; f) Annex A has been updated for the specification and allocation of safety integrity requirements; g) the content of former Annex D has been merged with Annex B, and the content has been changed from informative to normative; h) the status of Annex E has been changed from informative to normative; i) an Annex F has been added as an informative annex on User Programmable Integrated Circuits. A more detailed comparison of changes between IEC 62425:2007 and this document can be found in Annex G.