统一架构 第11部分：历史数据访问

[中文适用范围]： 本部分属于OPC统一架构标准系列，定义了与历史访问（HA）相关的信息模型。它特别包括历史访问所需的节点类和属性的补充描述、附加的标准属性以及其他信息和行为。完整的地址空间模型（包括所有节点类和属性）在IEC 62541-3中规定。预定义的信息模型在IEC 62541-5中定义。用于检测和访问历史数据和事件的服务，以及ExtensibleParameter类型的描述在IEC 62541-4中规定。本文档包括计算和返回聚合（如最小值、最大值、平均值等）的功能。信息模型和聚合的具体工作机制在IEC 62541-13中定义。历史访问客户端的惯例在附录A中提供。 [外文原描述]： IEC 62541-11: 2025 defines the Information Model associated with Historical Access (HA). It particularly includes additional and complementary descriptions of the NodeClasses and Attributes needed for Historical Access, additional standard Properties, and other information and behaviour. The complete AddressSpace Model including all NodeClasses and Attributes is specified in IEC 62541‑3. The predefined Information Model is defined in IEC 62541‑5. The Services to detect and access historical data and events, and description of the ExtensibleParameter types are specified in IEC 62541‑4. This document includes functionality to compute and return Aggregates like minimum, maximum, average etc. The Information Model and the concrete working of Aggregates are defined in IEC 62541‑13. Conventions for Historical Access Clients are informatively provided in Annex A. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2020. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) a functionality has been added to support retrieving of modified events; b) an Event has been added to indicate when a backfill occurred; c) a new ReferenceType that can be used to indicate an external node has been defined; d) the text has been improved to better explain the concept of annotation and remove conflicting explanations; e) a default historian configuration (and where to find it) has been defined; f) HistoricalEventConfigurationType, which provides general configuration information about the historical Event storage, has been added; g) the text has been updated and optional fields have been added to HA configuration object to allow configuration to be defined for periodic data collection, not just for exception-based collection; h) an ObjectType that can be used for external event collection has been provided as well as an example how historians can be configured.