根本原因分析（RCA

[中文适用范围]： 本标准描述了根本原因分析 (RCA) 的基本原理，并规定了RCA过程应包括的步骤。本标准确定了RCA技术的一些属性，有助于选择合适的技术。它描述了每种RCA技术及其相对优缺点。RCA用于分析具有正面和负面结果的焦点事件的根本原因，但最常用于分析故障和事故。此类事件的原因性质各异，包括设计过程和技术、组织特征、人为方面和外部事件。RCA可用于调查质量（及其他）管理体系中的不符合项，也可用于故障分析，例如维护或设备测试。RCA用于分析已发生的焦点事件，因此本标准仅涵盖事后分析。人们认识到，经过适当调整的某些RCA技术可用于项目和开发中的 proactive 设计以及风险评估期间的因果分析；然而，本标准侧重于对已发生事件的分析。本标准的意图是描述执行RCA的过程并解释识别根本原因的技法。这些技法并非用于分配责任或 liability，这超出了本标准的范围。 [外文原描述]： IEC 62740:2015 describes the basic principles of root cause analysis (RCA) and specifies the steps that a process for RCA should include. This standard identifies a number of attributes for RCA techniques which assist with the selection of an appropriate technique. It describes each RCA technique and its relative strengths and weaknesses. RCA is used to analyse the root causes of focus events with both positive and negative outcomes, but it is most commonly used for the analysis of failures and incidents. Causes for such events can be varied in nature, including design processes and techniques, organizational characteristics, human aspects and external events. RCA can be used for investigating the causes of non-conformances in quality (and other) management systems as well as for failure analysis, for example in maintenance or equipment testing. RCA is used to analyse focus events that have occurred, therefore this standard only covers a posteriori analyses. It is recognized that some of the RCA techniques with adaptation can be used proactively in the design and development of items and for causal analysis during risk assessment; however, this standard focuses on the analysis of events which have occurred. The intent of this standard is to describe a process for performing RCA and to explain the techniques for identifying root causes. These techniques are not designed to assign responsibility or liability, which is outside the scope of this standard. Keywords: root cause analysis (RCA), RCA techniques