激光产品的安全.第14部分:用户指南

[中文适用范围]： 本文件提供了关于安全使用符合 IEC 60825-1 的激光产品的最佳实践指南。文件中使用的“激光产品”和“激光设备”术语，也指任何能够通过受激发射过程发射光辐射的装置、组件或系统。Class 1 激光产品通常不产生光束危害，Class 2 和 Class 3R 激光产品仅产生最小光束危害。对于这些产品，通常只需遵循产品标签上的警告和制造商的安全使用说明。通常不需要本文件中描述的进一步防护措施。本文件强调评估高功率激光的风险，但低功率激光用户也能从中获益。本文件适用于任何包含激光的产品，无论其是否出售或提供销售。因此，它适用于专门制造的激光（包括实验和原型系统）。本文件旨在帮助激光用户及其雇主了解安全管理的通用原则，识别可能存在的危害，评估可能产生的危害风险，并建立和维护适当的控制措施。虽然本文件提供的指导主要针对组织（无论是私营、企业还是公共），其中应已建立安全管理体系，但任何使用激光的个人都可以应用本文件。激光控制措施 varies 很大。它们取决于所使用的激光设备类型、执行的任务或工艺、设备使用的环境以及处于危害风险中的人员。IEC 60825 系列中的其他文件针对某些激光应用给出了具体要求。本文件中使用的术语“可合理预见”和“合理预见”涉及某些特定事件、情况或条件。使用本文件的人员有责任确定什么是“可合理预见”，什么是“合理预见”，并能够基于风险评估标准证明其做出的任何此类判断。本文件提到了激光“用户”。这包括对安全负有责任的人员，而不仅仅是实际工作或操作激光设备的人员。 [外文原描述]： IEC TR 60825-14:2022 This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2004. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: incorporates changes made in IEC 60825-1:2014; adds information to users of laser equipment on administrative controls to ensure safety in the workplace, including the training and appointment of people to specific laser safety management roles; updates an approach to risk assessment; includes updated guidance on the management of incidents and accidents; includes updated guidance on medical surveillance for laser workers; includes revised examples of calculations. This document is intended to help laser users and their employers to understand the general principles of safety management, to identify the hazards that can be present, to assess the risks of harm that can arise, and to set up and maintain appropriate control measures. Although the guidance given in this document is aimed principally at organizations (whether private, corporate or public), where systems of safety management would be expected to be in place, it can be applied by anyone using lasers. Laser control measures vary widely. They depend on the type of laser equipment in use, the task or process being performed, the environment in which the equipment is used and the personnel who are at risk of harm. Specific requirements for certain laser applications are given in other documents in the IEC 60825 series.