电力发电、输电和配电系统的机器人技术 第1-2部分：电力系统机器人技术现状与标准化路线图

[中文适用范围]： IEC TR 63439-1-2:2026标准对电力系统（包括发电、输电和配电）中的机器人技术进行了全面研究，其主要目标如下： a) 系统概述与分类 分析发电、输电和配电各电力系统环节中现有的机器人应用，构建全面的分类框架，依据运行场景（如变电站、输电线路）、功能角色（如巡检、维修）以及环境条件（如高压区域、受限空间）对机器人进行分类。 b) 核心技术评估 评估涵盖移动平台（地面机器人、无人机、遥控潜水器）、导航系统（GPS、激光雷达、基于视觉的导航）和通信网络（有线/无线/混合）的基础机器人技术；通过多传感器检测（视觉、热成像、超声波）和运维作业（带电作业、清洁、 debris removal）评估其功能能力；并考察其与电网管理系统在数据协议和网络安全要求等方面的集成情况。 c) 测试与验证框架 确立机器人核心功能的性能基准，包括自主导航、检测精度和运行效率；同时开发可靠性测试方法，纳入故障模式分析与影响分析（FMEA/FMECA）以及在极端环境下的应力测试。 d) 标准化路线图 对现有电力机器人标准（包括IEC/TC129）进行差距分析，识别不足；系统梳理各利益相关方的需求，明确硬件、软件接口及安全协议等领域的标准化优先事项；制定清晰的路线图，包括新标准的制定时间、促进采用及全行业合规验证等关键节点。 [外文原描述]： IEC TR 63439-1-2:2026 specifies a comprehensive study of the robotic technologies in power systems, including generation, transmission, and distribution. The primary objectives are: a) System overview and classification Analyze current robotic applications across all power system segments (generation, transmission, and distribution), developing a comprehensive classification framework that categorizes robots by operational scenarios (substations, power lines), functional roles (inspection, repair), and environmental conditions (high-voltage zones, confined spaces). b) Core technology assessment Evaluate fundamental robotic technologies encompassing mobility platforms (ground robots, drones, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), navigation systems (GPS, LiDAR, vision-based), and communication networks (wired/wireless/hybrid); assess functional capabilities through multi-sensor inspection (visual, thermal, ultrasonic) and maintenance operations (live-line work, cleaning, debris removal), and examine integration aspects with power grid management systems including data protocols and cybersecurity requirements. c) Testing and validation framework Establish performance benchmarks for core robotic functions including autonomous navigation, inspection accuracy, and operational efficiency, while developing reliability testing methods that incorporate failure mode analysis (FMEA/FMECA) and environmental stress testing under extreme conditions. d) Standardization roadmap Conduct a gap analysis of current power robotics standards (including IEC/TC129) to identify deficiencies, while systematically mapping stakeholder requirements to prioritize standardization needs across hardware, software interfaces, and safety protocols; develop the roadmap with clear timelines for creating new standards, facilitating adoption, and ensuring compliance verification across the industry.