用于污秽条件下的高压绝缘子选择和尺寸确定 第1部分：定义、信息和一般原则

[中文适用范围]： IEC TS 60815-1:2025适用于户外高压系统中绝缘子的选择及其相关尺寸的确定，尤其是在污染环境下的应用。根据本技术规范系列的目的，绝缘子被划分为以下几类，每类均在相应的部分中详细说明： - IEC TS 60815-2 – 交流系统用陶瓷和玻璃绝缘子； - IEC TS 60815-3 – 交流系统用聚合物绝缘子； - IEC TS 60815-4 – 直流系统用绝缘子。 本文档提供了通用定义，给出了评估现场污染程度（SPS）的方法，并概述了判断绝缘子在特定污染环境中可能行为的原理。所描述的通用原则适用于交流和直流系统，但本规范主要适用于交流系统。直流系统的更多信息可参考IEC TS 60815-4。 本文档适用于所有类型的外部绝缘，包括作为其他设备组成部分的绝缘。在此后内容中，“绝缘子”一词用于泛指任何类型的绝缘子。本技术规范系列的目标是： - 理解并识别影响绝缘子污染行为的系统、应用、设备和现场参数； - 理解并选择基于可用数据、时间和资源的绝缘子设计和选型的适当方法； - 确定现场污染类型，并确定现场污染程度（SPS）值和SPS等级； - 根据SPS等级确定“参考”绝缘子的参考统一特定爬电距离（RUSCD）； - 选择候选绝缘子，并根据其特定性质（尤其是伞裙轮廓）、现场条件、应用和系统类型，对RUSCD进行修正，以确定“候选”绝缘子的统一爬电距离（USCD）； - 使用HTM或非HTM绝缘子，评估可能解决方案的相对优缺点； - 评估“混合”方案或缓解措施的必要性和优点。 IEC 60815系列不涉及冰和雪对污染绝缘子的影响。对于希望深入了解绝缘子在污染环境下性能的人员，CIGRE文件是本技术规范的有益补充。 本第二版取代并取消了2008年发布的IEC TS 60815-1第一版。本版构成技术修订。与前一版相比，本版包括以下重大技术变更： a) 在“范围”中明确了该规范适用于交流和直流条件，但主要适用于交流条件。详细的应用说明仅针对交流系统。RUSCD根据参考绝缘子的SPS等级确定，本文档不涉及冰和雪对污染绝缘子的影响； b) 在本文档中修改或引入了一些术语和定义，如RUSCD、爬电系数、平均直径、SPS值和SPS等级、疏水性转移和HTM等； c) 第5章针对绝缘子选型和尺寸设计的输入参数进行了重新组织和修订，包括系统要求和环境条件； d) 第6章“现场污染程度（SPS）等级的确定”进行了重新组织和重写。区分了SPS值和SPS等级。在断电参考绝缘子上进行的污染测量仅适用于交流； e) 增加了一种新的污染等级，即极重度等级f。该等级仅适用于极重度污染的特殊情况，当e类的RUSCD无法满足要求时。f类的RUSCD值未作规定； f) 定义了参考绝缘子的参数； g) 在本次修订中增加了B类污染的参考绝缘子轮廓，包括帽-钉型和长棒型绝缘子。对于B类污染，帽-钉型绝缘子和长棒型绝缘子的污染等级严重程度区间进行了区分，与A类污染的预期相同； h) 修订了DDD测量方法； i) 从参考绝缘子的RUSCD到候选绝缘子的USCD，引入并修订了修正因子，如海拔修正、直径修正、伞裙轮廓修正和平行绝缘子数量修正； j) 简化了陶瓷和玻璃绝缘子的轮廓适用性； k) 对材料的总体指导进行了修订。引入了疏水性转移和疏水性转移材料（HTM）的概念，承认对于HTM绝缘子可以使用较短的爬电距离； l) 在固体层人工污染试验中，SDD与ESDD之间的关系进行了修订； m) 统计方法已更新。 [外文原描述]： IEC TS 60815-1:2025 is applicable to the selection of insulators, and the determination of their relevant dimensions, to be used in outdoor high-voltage systems with respect to pollution. For the purposes of this technical specification series, the insulators are divided into the following broad categories, each dealt with in a specific part as follows: - IEC TS 60815-2 – Ceramic and glass insulators for AC systems; - IEC TS 60815-3 – Polymer insulators for AC systems; - IEC TS 60815-4 – Insulators for DC systems. This document provides general definitions, gives methods for the evaluation of site pollution severity (SPS) and outlines the principles to arrive at an informed judgement on the probable behaviour of a given insulator in certain pollution environments. The general principles described are applicable to both AC and DC systems. However, the applicability part mainly refers to AC. More information about DC can be found in IEC TS 60815-4. This document is applicable to all types of external insulation, including insulation forming part of other apparatus. The term "insulator" is used hereafter to refer to any type of insulator. The objective of this technical specification series is to: - understand and identify parameters of the system, application, equipment and site influencing the pollution behaviour of insulators, - understand and choose the appropriate approach to the design and selection of the insulator solution, based on available data, time and resources. - characterise the type of pollution at a site and determine the site pollution severity (SPS) value and the SPS class, - determine the reference unified specific creepage distance (RUSCD) of "reference" insulator based on the SPS class, - select candidate insulators and determine corrections to apply to RUSCD to arrive at the USCD of the "candidate" insulators by taking into account their specific properties (notably their shed profiles), conditions of the site, the application and the type of system, - evaluate the relative advantages and disadvantages of the possible solutions, using HTM or non-HTM insulators, - assess the need and merits of "hybrid" solutions or mitigative measures. The IEC 60815 series does not deal with the effects of ice and snow on polluted insulators. CIGRE documents form a useful complement to this technical specification for those wishing to study in greater depth the performance of insulators under pollution. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC TS 60815‑1 published in 2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) In the Scope, it is clarified that this specification is applicable to AC and DC conditions while it mainly refers to AC conditions. Detailed application indications refer to AC only. The RUSCD is determined based on the SPS class of reference insulators, and this document does not deal with the effects of ice and snow on polluted insulators; b) Some terms and definitions are modified or introduced in this document, such as RUSCD, creepage factor, average diameter, SPS value and SPS class, hydrophobicity transfer and HTM, etc.; c) Clause 5 is re-organized and revised regarding input parameters for the selection and dimensioning of insulators, including system requirements and environmental conditions; d) Clause 6 "Determination of site pollution severity (SPS) class" is re-organized and re-written. A distinction was made between SPS value and SPS class. The measurement of pollution that is made on the de-energized reference insulator is valid for AC only; e) A new pollution class, extremely heavy class f, is added. It is applicable only to the special situations of extremely heavy pollution when the RUSCD of class e cannot meet the requirements. The RUSCD value for class f is not specified; f) The parameters of reference insulators were defined; g) The profiles of reference insulators for type B pollution, both cap-and-pin and long rod insulators were added in this revision. The severity interval for pollution class definition was differentiated for cap and pin insulators and long rod insulators for type B pollution, as already foreseen for type A pollution; h) The DDDG measurement method was also revised; i) From RUSCD of reference insulator to USCD of candidate insulator, the correction factors are introduced and revised, such as altitude correction, diameter correction, shed profile correction and parallel insulator number correction; j) Profile suitability on ceramic and glass insulators was simplified; k) The general guidance on materials is revised. The concept of hydrophobicity transfer and hydrophobicity transfer material (HTM) are introduced, recognising that a reduced creepage distance may be used for HTM insulators; l) In the laboratory artificial pollution test for solid layer, the relation between SDD and ESDD is revised; m) The statistical method is updated.