电磁兼容性（EMC） 第1-6部分：通用 EMC 测试中测量不确定度评估指南

[中文适用范围]： IEC TS 61000-1-6:2026是一项技术规范，定义了用于确立机械性能统一要求（舞动）的测试程序。该标准适用于可能暴露于舞动现象的光纤光缆，如全介质自承式光缆（ADSS）、光纤复合架空地线（OPGW）或光纤复合相线（OPPC）。关于一般要求和定义以及各类测试方法的完整参考指南，请参阅IEC 60794-1-2。本第一版替代并取消了2012年首次发布的IEC TR 61000-1-6第一版，构成一项技术修订。 与前一版本相比，本版主要技术变更如下： a) 明确了测量与校准实验室在测量不确定度评估中的目的及职责，并引入了处理电磁兼容（EMC）要求的技术委员会； b) 修订了测量不确定度分量的分类（包括测量不确定度、测量仪器不确定度及被测量的固有不确定度）； c) 新增了关于发射测试方法、抗扰度测试方法及校准中测量不确定度的条款； d) 通过引入基于蒙特卡洛方法的GUM增补文件1（GUMS1）数值方法，丰富了测量不确定度计算方法； e) 修订了测量不确定度预算的制定过程，增加了在应用GUM方法或GUMS1方法时应遵循的基本步骤； f) 新增了专门针对测量模型函数的条款，以强调测量模型的重要性，并在模型未知时提供指导； g) 修订了关于概率密度函数的条款，纳入了学生t分布概率密度函数； h) 修订了关于A类与B类不确定度评定的条款，以提高可读性； i) 修订了关于线性量与分贝之间转换的条款，以提高可读性并修正部分错误； j) 修改了关于测量不确定度适用性的条款，以提高可读性，并删除了与符合性评估标准相矛盾的陈述； k) 修订了附录A和附录B，纳入了GUMS1应用的结果； l) 新增了若干附录：附录C（关于测量设备的计量确认）、附录D（关于抽样统计，从正文移至此处以提升全文可读性）、附录E（关于处理实验室间比对数据的稳健统计方法，含示例）、附录F（包含应用测量不确定度评估测量设备超差风险的示例）以及附录G（包含应用测量不确定度评估超差概率与容差比关系TUR的示例）。 [外文原描述]： IEC TS 61000-1-6:2026, which is a Technical Specification provides methods and background information for the evaluation of measurement uncertainty in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests and calibrations. It gives guidance to cover general measurement uncertainty considerations within the IEC 61000 series. The objective of this document is to give advice to EMC technical committees dealing with EMC tests, testing laboratories and calibration laboratories on the development of measurement uncertainty budgets; to allow uniform development and comparability of these budgets between laboratories; and to align the treatment of measurement uncertainty across the technical committees of the IEC dealing with EMC tests. Any contributing factor to measurement uncertainty that is mentioned within this document will be treated as an example: the EMC committee responsible for the preparation of a basic immunity or emission standard is responsible for identifying the factors that contribute to the measurement uncertainty of the relevant test method. This document provides: • methods for the evaluation of measurement uncertainty (MU), • mathematical formulae for probability density functions and their interpretation, • examples of MU calculations, • examples of MU applications, • MU reporting information. This document is not intended to summarize all measurement uncertainty influence quantities, nor is it intended to specify how measurement uncertainty will be taken into account in determining compliance with an EMC requirement. This first edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC TR 61000-1-6 published in 2012. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) purpose of and responsibilities in measurement uncertainty evaluation by testing and calibration laboratories, technical committees dealing with EMC requirements have been introduced; b) classification of measurement uncertainty contributions (measurement uncertainty, measurement instrumentation uncertainty, intrinsic uncertainty of the measurand) has been revised; c) new clauses devoted to measurement uncertainty in emission test methods and measurement uncertainty in immunity test methods and in calibration have been added; d) methods of measurement uncertainty calculation have been enriched by introducing the GUM Supplement 1 (GUMS1) numerical approach based on Monte Carlo method; e) measurement uncertainty budget development has been revised to include the basic steps to follow in case of application of the GUM method or of the GUMS1 method; f) a clause specifically devoted to the measurement model function has been added to emphasize the importance of the measurement model and to provide guidance when the measurement model is unknown; g) the clause on probability density functions has been revised to include the Student-t probability density function; h) the clause on Type A and Type B evaluations of uncertainty has been revised to improve readability; i) the clause on the conversion from linear quantities to decibel and vice versa has been revised to improve readability and make some corrections; j) the clause on the applicability of measurement uncertainty has been modified to improve readability and to remove statements conflicting with conformity assessments standards; k) Annex A and Annex B have been revised by including results of GUMS1 application; l) new annexes have been introduced, namely Annex C (on metrological confirmation of measurement equipment), Annex D (on sampling statistics, moved from the main text to this annex to improve readability of the whole document), Annex E (on robust statistics for processing interlaboratory comparison data, with example), Annex F (including an example of application of MU for the assessment of the risk of an out of tolerance of measurement equipment) and Annex G (including an example of application of MU for the evaluation of in-tolerance probability as a function of tolerance to uncertainty ratio – TUR).