水轮机、蓄能泵和泵-水轮机 - 液压瞬态分析、设计考虑和测试

[中文适用范围]： IEC TS 63111:2025 描述了水轮机、储能泵和水泵水轮机的液压瞬态现象及其影响因素，提供了建模和测量的最佳实践指南及相应的限制，定义了相关的设备设计标准，并识别了潜在的缓解方案。标准中提供了相关术语和量的定义，并描述了所考虑的系统组件。在本技术规范中，还定义并描述了异常瞬态现象，包括组件故障和如组件破裂等灾难性事件。描述了这些极端事件发生的概率及其对相关安全裕度的影响。本技术规范提供了建模和计算瞬态条件的指南和通用实践。它总结了基本假设和方程，以及相关的特征量和系统时间常数。识别了建模液压组件的公认方法及相关的数值模拟方法。该规范详细描述了输入数据，包括对水力机械、阀门、闸门等模型测试的最佳实践，以获得可靠的瞬态建模。本技术规范描述了针对瞬态现象（如甩负荷试验、飞逸试验等）的现场测量方法。提供了这些测试中应监测的量及相关仪器、校准和数据采集系统的建议。提出了将现场测量结果与数值模拟结果进行比较的程序。 [外文原描述]： IEC TS 63111:2025 describes hydraulic transient phenomena of hydro turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines and the factors that affect them, (2) provides modelling and measurement best practice guidelines and resulting limitations (3) defines relevant equipment design criteria, and (4) identifies potential mitigation solutions. Definitions of the relevant terms and quantities are provided along with descriptions of the system components that are considered. In this Technical Specification, abnormal transient phenomena are also defined and described, including component malfunction and catastrophic events like component rupture. The probability of the occurrence of these extreme events and how this can influence the relevant safety margin is described. This Technical Specification provides guidelines and commonly accepted practices to model and compute transient conditions. It provides a summary of the basic hypotheses and equations, together with relevant characteristic quantities and system time constants. Accepted methods of modelling hydraulic components, and related numerical simulation methods are identified. This specification details the input data, including best practices for model testing of hydraulic machines, valves, gates, etc. to acquire reliable transient modelling. This Technical Specification describes methodologies for on-site measurements with respect to transient such as load rejection tests, runaway tests, etc. Recommendations are provided for quantities to be monitored during these tests, with related instrumentation, calibration and data acquisition systems. Procedures for comparing on-site measurements with numerical simulation results are proposed.