结构设计的基础 - 意外行动

[中文适用范围]： 偶然行为可分为自然原因引起的偶然行为和人为活动引起的偶然行为。 本文件适用于基于可靠性和风险知情的决策，以设计和评估因人类活动而受到意外作用的结构。 但是，火灾和人为地震不包括在内。 本文件中提供的信息适用于建筑和土木工程，无论其应用的性质以及材料的使用或组合。 在特殊情况下，本文件的应用可能需要额外的元素或详细说明。 本文件旨在作为负责根据特定国家的特定目标和背景制定国际标准、国家标准或实践规范的委员会的基础。 如果相关的话，它也可以直接应用于具体案例。 本文件描述了如何利用风险和可靠性原则来支持与结构的设计和评估相关的决策，这些结构会在其使用寿命的所有阶段受到意外作用和涉及结构的系统的影响。 对于风险知情设计和评估的一般原则，旨在考虑 ISO 2394。 本文档的应用需要超出其所包含的知识。 用户有责任确保这些知识可用并得到应用。 [外文原描述]： Accidental actions can be subdivided into accidental actions with a natural cause and accidental actions due to human activities. This document applies to reliability based and risk informed decision making for the design and assessment of structures subject to accidental actions due to human activities. However, fires and human-made earthquakes are not included. The information presented in this document is intended for buildings and civil engineering works, regardless of the nature of their application and the use or combination of materials. The application of this document can require additional elements or elaboration in special cases. This document is intended to serve as a basis for those committees that are responsible for the task of preparing International Standards, national standards or codes of practice in accordance with given objectives and context in a particular country. Where relevant, it can also be applied directly to specific cases. This document describes how the principles of risk and reliability can be utilized to support decisions related to the design and assessment of structures subject to accidental actions and systems involving structures during all the phases of their service life. For the general principles of risk informed design and assessment, it is intended that ISO 2394 be considered. The application of this document necessitates knowledge beyond that which it contains. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that this knowledge is available and applied.