水质.总α和总β活度.用薄源沉积物的试验方法

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了测定α和β发射放射性核素的总α和总β活度浓度的方法。 总 α 和总 β 活度测量并非旨在绝对测定测试样品中所有 α 和 β 发射放射性核素的活度浓度，而是一种筛选分析，以确保特定 α 和 β 发射体的特定参考水平未被测出。 超过了。 这种类型的测定也称为总 α 和总 β 指数。 总 α 和总 β 分析预计不会像放射化学分离后的特定放射性核素分析那样准确或精确。 可以很好地测量到大约 0.1 MeV 或更高的最大 β 能量。 低能β发射体可能无法检测到（例如3H、55Fe、241Pu）或只能部分检测到（例如14C、35S、63Ni、210Pb、228Ra）。 该方法涵盖非挥发性放射性核素，因为一些气态或挥发性放射性核素（例如氡和放射性碘）可能在源制备过程中损失。 该方法适用于饮用水、雨水、地表水和地下水以及冷却水、工业水、生活和工业废水经过适当取样、样品处理和测试样品制备（必要时过滤并考虑到水的浓度）后的测试样品。 水中溶解物质的量）。 本文描述的方法适用于紧急情况，因为可以在不到1小时内获得结果。 总 α 和总 β 达到的检测限分别低于 10 Bq/l 和 20 Bq/l。 10 ml 样品在 20 分钟内蒸发，然后用窗口正比计数器计数 10 分钟。 实验室有责任确保该测试方法对于测试的水样的适用性。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies a method for the determination of gross alpha and gross beta activity concentration for alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides. Gross alpha and gross beta activity measurement is not intended to give an absolute determination of the activity concentration of all alpha and beta emitting radionuclides in a test sample, but is a screening analysis to ensure particular reference levels of specific alpha and beta emitters have not been exceeded. This type of determination is also known as gross alpha and gross beta index. Gross alpha and gross beta analysis is not expected to be as accurate nor as precise as specific radionuclide analysis after radiochemical separations. Maximum beta energies of approximately 0,1 MeV or higher are well measured. It is possible that low energy beta emitters can not detected (e.g. 3 H, 55 Fe, 241 Pu) or can only be partially detected (e.g. 14 C, 35 S, 63 Ni, 210 Pb, 228 Ra). The method covers non-volatile radionuclides, since some gaseous or volatile radionuclides (e.g. radon and radioiodine) can be lost during the source preparation. The method is applicable to test samples of drinking water, rainwater, surface and ground water as well as cooling water, industrial water, domestic and industrial wastewater after proper sampling, sample handling, and test sample preparation (filtration when necessary and taking into account the amount of dissolved material in the water). The method described in this document is applicable in the event of an emergency situation, because the results can be obtained in less than 1 h. Detection limits reached for gross alpha and gross beta are less than 10 Bq/l and 20 Bq/l respectively. The evaporation of 10 ml sample is carried out in 20 min followed by 10 min counting with window-proportional counters. It is the laboratory's responsibility to ensure the suitability of this test method for the water samples tested.