土壤DNA的直接提取

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了直接从土壤样本中提取DNA的方法，用于分析微生物群落的数量和组成。该方法主要适用于农业和森林土壤。对于富含有机物（如泥炭土）或严重污染（有机污染物或重金属）的土壤可能不适用。直接从土壤样本中提取DNA可提供对微生物群落α-和β-多样性的独特见解。下一代测序技术用于PCR扩增的土壤DNA的靶 amplicon 序列构成一个有前景的研究领域，未来将有助于开发常规工具来监测土壤环境中的微生物群落。 [外文原描述]： The present document specifies a method for direct extraction of DNA from soil samples to analyse the abundance and composition of microbial communities by various techniques of molecular biology including real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). This method is mainly dedicated to agricultural and forest soils. This method can possibly not be suitable for soils rich in organic matter (e.g. peat soils) or soils heavily polluted with organic pollutants or heavy metals. The direct extraction of DNA from soil samples provides unique insight into the α- and β-diversity of microbial communities. Next-generation sequencing of amplicons obtained by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification of soil DNA constitutes a promising domain which will in the near future contribute to the development of routine tools to monitor microbial communities in soil environments.