声学.机器和设备发射的噪声.应用精确环境校准在工作位置和其他指定位置的发射声压级测量

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准规定了在满足一定资格要求的任何环境中测定工作站和附近其他指定位置的机械或设备的发射声压级的方法。 工作站由操作员占用，并且可以位于开放空间中、被测源运行的房间中、固定到被测源的驾驶室中、或远离被测源的外壳中。 一个或多个指定位置可以位于工作站附近，或者位于有人值守或无人值守的机器附近。 这种立场有时被称为旁观者立场。 发射声压级被确定为 A 加权级。 此外，如果需要，频带水平和 C 加权峰值发射声压水平可以根据本国际标准确定。 注 1：ISO 11200 中总结了 ISO 11200 至 ISO 11205 系列的内容。 给出了一种确定局部环境修正（受规定的最大值限制）的方法，该修正应用于测量的声压级以排除影响被测光源所在平面以外的反射表面的反射。 该校正基于测量表面上的平均声压级、在指定位置测量的声压级以及环境校正或测试室的等效吸收面积。 采用本国际标准规定的方法，可获得准确度2级（工程级）或准确度3级（勘察级）的结果。 校正应用于背景噪声，并且如上所述，应用于声学环境。 给出了被测源的安装和操作以及工作站和其他指定位置的麦克风位置选择的说明。 测量的目的之一是在规定的环境条件和标准化的安装和操作条件下比较给定机器系列的不同单元的性能。 注2：获得的数据还可用于ISO 4871规定的发射声压级的声明和验证 [外文原描述]： ISO 11204:2010 specifies a method for determining the emission sound pressure levels of machinery or equipment, at a work station and at other specified positions nearby, in any environment which meets certain qualification requirements. A work station is occupied by an operator and may be located in open space, in the room where the source under test operates, in a cab fixed to the source under test, or in an enclosure remote from the source under test. One or more specified positions may be located in the vicinity of a work station, or in the vicinity of an attended or unattended machine. Such positions are sometimes referred to as bystander positions. Emission sound pressure levels are determined as A-weighted levels. Additionally, levels in frequency bands and C-weighted peak emission sound pressure levels can be determined in accordance with ISO 11204:2010, if required. A method is given for determining a local environmental correction (subject to a specified limiting maximum value) to be applied to the measured sound pressure levels to exclude the effects of reflections from reflecting surfaces other than the plane on which the source under test is placed. This correction is based upon the mean sound pressure level on a measurement surface, the sound pressure level measured at a specified position, and either an environmental correction or the equivalent absorption area of the test room. With the method specified in ISO 11204:2010 results of accuracy grade 2 (engineering grade) or accuracy grade 3 (survey grade) are obtained. Corrections are applied for background noise and, as described above, for the acoustic environment. Instructions are given for the mounting and operation of the source under test and for the choice of microphone positions for the work station and for other specified positions. One purpose of the measurements is to permit comparison of the performance of different units of a given family of machines, under defined environmental conditions and standardized mounting and operating conditions. The method specified in ISO 11204:2010 is suitable for all types of noise (steady, non-steady, fluctuating, isolated bursts of sound energy, etc.) defined in ISO 12001. The method specified in ISO 11204:2010 is applicable to all types and sizes of noise sources. The type of test environment influences the accuracy of the determination of emission sound pressure levels. ISO 11204:2010 is applicable to an indoor or outdoor environment with one or more reflecting planes present, meeting specified requirements. These requirements on the room are less strict than those of ISO 11201, in particular regarding the acoustical quality of the environment. ISO 11204:2010 is applicable to work stations and other specified positions where emission sound pressure levels are to be determined. Appropriate positions where measurements may be made include the following: a) work station located in the vicinity of the source under test; this is the case for many industrial machines and domestic appliances; b) work station within a cab which is an integral part of the source under test; this is the case for many industrial trucks and earth-moving machines; c) work station within a partial or total enclosure (or behind a screen) supplied by the manufacturer as an integral part of the source under test; d) work station partially or totally enclosed by the source under test — this situation may be encountered with some large industrial machines; e) bystander positions occupied by individuals not responsible for the operation of the source under test, but who may be in its immediate vicinity, either occasionally or continuously; f) other specified positions, not necessarily work stations or bystander positions. The work station may also lie on a specified path along which an operator moves.