航空系统.评估超高速撞击航空器材料喷出物的试验规程

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准描述了一种实验程序，用于评估在轨道碎片或流星体撞击下，用于航天器和运载火箭轨道级外部表面的材料的行为。本国际标准提供了一种统一的方法来对材料进行排名。不同材料的喷射产物特性在标准化条件下进行比较，其中测试参数固定为一个数字。具有不同参数的可选测试对于在其他条件下正确选择材料也很有用，它们可以作为研究项目进行。本国际标准规定了测试方法必须满足的要求，以便表征当表面材料被超高速弹丸撞击时产生的喷射物数量。其目的是评估喷射物总质量与弹丸质量的比率，以及碎片的尺寸分布。这些是建模表面材料在其轨道寿命期间可能释放的撞击喷射物数量所需的输入，从而有助于评估其在减轻小空间碎片产生的同时对空间使用的适用性。本国际标准的目的是提供在选择外部航天器材料时需要考虑的数据，尽管选择不仅仅基于这些标准。实验程序定义了：要使用的设施类型；要使用的弹丸的尺寸、速度和类型；释放的撞击喷射物的评估；测试结果的报告；以及要使用的质量要求。预计本国际标准将是几个测试程序标准中的第一个，旨在表征航天器和运载火箭轨道级外部表面由于与空间环境相互作用而释放小碎片的情况。它适用于在所有类型的地球轨道上运行的航天器和运载火箭。 [外文原描述]： ISO 11227:2012 describes an experimental procedure for assessing the behaviour, under orbital debris or meteoroid impacts, of materials that are intended to be used on the external surfaces of spacecraft and launch vehicle orbital stages. ISO 11227:2012 provides a unified method by which to rank materials. The ejecta production characteristics of different materials are compared under standardized conditions in which test parameters are fixed to one number. Optional tests with different parameters are also useful for the proper selection of materials in other conditions, and they could be performed as research items. ISO 11227:2012 establishes the requirements to be satisfied for the test methods in order to characterize the amount of ejecta produced when a surface material is impacted by a hypervelocity projectile. Its purpose is to evaluate the ratio of ejecta total mass to projectile mass, and the size distribution of the fragments. These are the necessary inputs for modelling the amount of impact ejecta that a surface material might release during its orbital lifetime, thereby helping to assess its suitability for space use while mitigating the production of small space debris. The purpose of ISO 11227:2012 is to provide data that need to be taken into account in the selection of outer spacecraft materials, though the selection is not based on these criteria alone. The experimental procedure defines the type of facility to be used, the size, velocity and type of projectile to be used, the evaluation of impact ejecta released, the reporting of test results, and the quality requirements to be used. ISO 11227:2012 is applicable to spacecraft and launch vehicles operating in all types of Earth orbits.