人类工效学.手工搬运.第2部分:推和拉

[中文适用范围]： ISO 11228 的这一部分给出了全身推拉的建议限制。 它为评估对手动推拉重要的风险因素提供了指导，从而可以评估工作人群的健康风险。 这些建议适用于健康的成年工作人群，并为该人群中的大多数提供合理的保护。 这些指南基于对推/拉任务以及相关肌肉骨骼负荷、不适/疼痛和耐力/疲劳水平的实验研究。 ISO 11228 本部分定义的推和拉仅限于以下情况： ——全身用力（即站立/行走时）； ——由一个人执行的动作（由两个或更多人处理不属于评估的一部分，但附录 C 中给出了一些建议）； ——两只手施加的力； ——用于移动或限制物体的力； ——以平稳且受控的方式施加力； ——不使用外部支撑而施加的力； ——施加在操作者前方物体上的力； ——在直立位置（不是坐着）施加的力。 ISO 11228 的这一部分旨在为设计师、雇主、雇员和其他参与工作、任务、产品和工作组织设计或重新设计的人员提供信息。 [外文原描述]： ISO 11228-2:2007 gives the recommended limits for whole-body pushing and pulling. It provides guidance on the assessment of risk factors considered important to manual pushing and pulling, allowing the health risks for the working population to be evaluated. The recommendations apply to the healthy adult working population and provide reasonable protection to the majority of this population. These guidelines are based on experimental studies of push-pull tasks and associated levels of musculoskeletal loading, discomfort/pain, and endurance/fatigue. Pushing and pulling, as defined in ISO 11228-2:2007, is restricted to the following: whole-body force exertions (i.e. while standing/walking); actions performed by one person; forces applied by two hands; forces used to move or restrain an object; forces applied in a smooth and controlled way; forces applied without the use of external support(s); forces applied on objects located in front of the operator; forces applied in an upright position (not sitting). ISO 11228-2:2007 is intended to provide information for designers, employers, employees and others involved in the design or redesign of work, tasks, products and work organization.