水质.总α和总β放射性.使用液体闪烁计数的试验方法（ISO 11704-2018）

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了使用液体闪烁计数（LSC）测定α和β发射放射性核素的总α和总β活度浓度的方法。 该方法适用于干燥残留物低于 5 g/l 且无需进行颜色淬灭校正的所有类型的水。 总 α 和总 β 活度测量并非旨在绝对确定测试样品中所有 α 和 β 发射放射性核素的活度浓度，而是一种筛选分析，以确保特定 α 和 β 发射体的特定参考水平没有被超越。 这种类型的测定也称为总 α 和 β 指数。 总体 α 和 β 分析预计不会像放射化学分离后的特定放射性核素分析那样准确或精确。 该方法涵盖 80 °C 以下的非挥发性放射性核素，因为一些气态或挥发性放射性核素（例如氡和放射性碘）可能在源制备过程中损失。 本方法适用于饮用水、雨水、地表水和地下水以及冷却水、工业水、生活和工业废水经过适当取样和测试样品制备（必要时过滤并考虑到水的量）后的测试样品。 溶解在水中的物质）。 本文件所述的方法适用于紧急情况，因为无需任何处理，直接测量水样即可在不到4小时内获得结果。 实验室有责任确保该测试方法对于测试的水样的适用性。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies a method for the determination of gross alpha and gross beta activity concentration for alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides using liquid scintillation counting (LSC). The method is applicable to all types of waters with a dry residue of less than 5 g/l and when no correction for colour quenching is necessary. Gross alpha and gross beta activity measurement is not intended to give an absolute determination of the activity concentration of all alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides in a test sample, but is a screening analysis to ensure particular reference levels of specific alpha and beta emitters have not been exceeded. This type of determination is also known as gross alpha and beta index. Gross alpha and beta analysis is not expected to be as accurate nor as precise as specific radionuclide analysis after radiochemical separations. The method covers non-volatile radionuclides below 80 °C, since some gaseous or volatile radionuclides (e.g. radon and radioiodine) can be lost during the source preparation. The method is applicable to test samples of drinking water, rain water, surface and ground water as well as cooling water, industrial water, domestic and industrial waste water after proper sampling and test sample preparation (filtration when necessary and taking into account the amount of dissolved material in the water). The method described in this document is applicable in the event of an emergency situation, because the results can be obtained in less than 4 h by directly measuring water test samples without any treatment. It is the laboratory's responsibility to ensure the suitability of this test method for the water samples tested.