标准摘要
[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了在电离辐射计量领域中，在进行预先选择时间或计数的计数测量时，计算非负电离辐射被测量的“判定阈值”、“检测限”和“覆盖间隔限值”的程序。被测量来自总计数率和背景计数率，以及基于评估模型的其他量。具体而言，被测量可以是净计数率，即总计数率和背景计数率之差，也可以是样品的净活度。它还可能受到测量系统校准、样品处理和其他因素的影响。基于 ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008/Suppl.1 的 ISO 11929-2 应用、展开方法的应用和应用指南的 ISO 11929-3 辐射计量。它仅限于可以根据 ISO/IEC 指南 98-3（JCGM 2008）评估不确定度的应用。ISO 11929-1：2019 附件 A 涵盖了受随机影响的重复计数测量的特殊情况，ISO 11929-1：2019 附件 B 涵盖了使用线性模拟速率计的测量。ISO/IEC 指南 98-3：2008/Suppl.1。ISO 11929-2 还提供了有关计数测量和测量中的贝叶斯统计的一般方面的一些解释性说明。如果通过展开方法评估光谱多通道测量，特别是 α 和 γ 光谱测量。此外，它还提供了一些如何处理相关性和协方差的建议。程序，然后展示大量数值示例。这些示例涵盖了根据 ISO 11929-1 和 ISO 11929-2 的基本应用。 1 的评估工作已涉及。其他国际标准中可找到更多实例，例如，参见参考文献 [1 至 20]。注：有一种名为 UncertRadio 的代码系统可根据 ISO 11929-1 进行计算 www .thuenen .de/ en/ fi/ fields -of -activity/ marine -environment/ coordinate -centre -of -radioactivity/ uncertradio/ 。下载内容包含一个设置安装文件，该文件会将所有文件和文件夹复制到用户指定的文件夹中。安装后，必须按照安装过程中弹出的窗口所示将信息添加到 Windows 的 PATH 中。可选择英语，并提供大量“帮助”信息。另一个工具是“metRology”包[44]，可用于 R 编程。它包含两个 R 函数“uncert”和“uncertMC”，分别通过分析或蒙特卡罗方法执行符合 GUM 的不确定性传播。包括输入量的协方差/相关性。在迭代中应用这两个函数进行决策阈值和检测限计算可大大简化编程工作。也可以在包含蒙特卡罗插件的电子表格或其他商业数学软件中实现此文档。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies a procedure, in the field of ionizing radiation metrology, for the calculation of the “decision threshold”, the “detection limit” and the “limits of the coverage interval” for a non‑negative ionizing radiation measurand when counting measurements with preselection of time or counts are carried out. The measurand results from a gross count rate and a background count rate as well as from further quantities on the basis of a model of the evaluation. In particular, the measurand can be the net count rate as the difference of the gross count rate and the background count rate, or the net activity of a sample. It can also be influenced by calibration of the measuring system, by sample treatment and by other factors. ISO 11929 has been divided into four parts covering elementary applications in ISO 11929-1, advanced applications on the basis of the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008/Suppl.1 in ISO 11929-2, applications to unfolding methods in ISO 11929-3, and guidance to the application in ISO 11929-4. ISO 11929-1 covers basic applications of counting measurements frequently used in the field of ionizing radiation metrology. It is restricted to applications for which the uncertainties can be evaluated on the basis of the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 (JCGM 2008). In ISO 11929-1:2019, Annex A the special case of repeated counting measurements with random influences and in ISO 11929-1:2019, Annex B, measurements with linear analogous ratemeters are covered. ISO 11929-2 extends ISO 11929-1 to the evaluation of measurement uncertainties according to the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008/Suppl.1. ISO 11929-2 also presents some explanatory notes regarding general aspects of counting measurements and Bayesian statistics in measurements. ISO 11929-3 deals with the evaluation of measurements using unfolding methods and counting spectrometric multi-channel measurements if evaluated by unfolding methods, in particular, alpha- and gamma-spectrometric measurements. Further, it provides some advice how to deal with correlations and covariances. ISO 11929-4 gives guidance to the application of ISO 11929 (all parts), summarizing shortly the general procedure and then presenting a wide range of numerical examples. The examples cover elementary applications according to ISO 11929-1 and ISO 11929-2. The ISO 11929 (all parts) also applies analogously to other measurements of any kind if a similar model of the evaluation is involved. Further practical examples can be found in other International Standards, for example, see References [1 to 20]. NOTE A code system, named UncertRadio, is available allowing for calculations according to ISO 11929-1 to ISO 11929-3. UncertRadio [40][41] can be downloaded for free from https://www.thuenen.de/en/fi/fields-of-activity/marine-environment/coordination-centre-of-radioactivity/uncertradio/. The download contains a setup installation file that copies all files and folders into a folder specified by the user. After installation one has to add information to the PATH of Windows as indicated by a pop‑up window during installation. English language can be chosen and extensive “help” information is available. Another tool is the package ‘metRology’ [44] which is available for programming in R. It contains the two R functions ‘uncert’ and ‘uncertMC’ which perform the GUM-conform uncertainty propagation, either analytically or by the Monte Carlo method, respectively. Covariances/correlations of input quantities are included. Applying these two functions within iterations for decision threshold and the detection limit calculations simplifies the programming effort significantly. It is also possible to implement this document in a spreadsheet containing a Monte Carlo add-in or into other commercial mathematics software.
英文名称Determination of the characteristic limits (decision threshold, detection limit and limits of the coverage interval) for measurements of ionizing radiation — Fundamentals and application — Part 4: Guidelines to applications