健康信息学 - 代表医疗保健分类系统内容的语法 - 分类标记语言（ClaML

[中文适用范围]： ClaML 的主要目的是用标记语言形式化地表示医疗保健分类系统的内容和层次结构，以便在组织和不同软件产品之间安全地交换和分发数据和结构。本文档涵盖的医疗保健分类系统的范围包括术语，并仅限于传统的纸质系统（如 ICD-10）和根据分类结构和跨词库构建的系统（如 ICNP）[2]。ClaML 旨在表示医疗保健分类系统，其中类别具有文本定义、层次顺序、命名层次级别（例如“章节”、“部分”）、纳入和排除标准以及代码。它不打算涵盖任何形式表示，既不用于概念的定义或组成，也不用于分类规则的规范。具有此类形式规范的系统最多只能使用 ClaML 部分表示，因此超出了范围。本文档中的大多数注释和示例都与 ICD 有关。这是因为 ICD 是本文档范围内最常见的分类系统。作为一个高度复杂的分类系统，它是几乎所有类型示例的取之不尽的来源。但是，所有这些注释和示例也代表了其他类似的分类系统（如果适用），这些系统通常不那么复杂。目前已知的使用 ClaML 的分类系统的概述在单独的文档中提供，该文档可以电子方式获取（见 7.3）。本文档不旨在：a) 提供关于如何构建医疗保健分类系统的规范语法；b) 定义医疗保健分类系统中元素之间的链接类型（这留给医疗保健分类系统的开发人员）；c) 提供可直接查看或打印的表示。 [外文原描述]： The main purpose of ClaML is to formally represent the content and hierarchical structure of healthcare classification systems in a markup language for the safe exchange and distribution of data and structure between organizations and dissimilar software products. The scope of healthcare classification systems covered by this document encompasses terminologies, and is constrained to traditional paper-based systems (like ICD-10) and systems built according to categorial structures and a cross thesaurus (like ICNP)[2]. ClaML is intended for representation of healthcare classification systems in which classes have textual definitions, hierarchical ordering, named hierarchical levels (such as "chapter", "section"), inclusion and exclusion criteria, and codes. It is not intended to cover any formal representation, neither for definition or composition of concepts, nor for specification of classification rules. Systems with such formal specifications can at best be partially represented using ClaML, and are hence out of scope. Most of the notes and examples in this document relate to ICD. This is because ICD is the most common classification system in the scope of this document. As a highly complex classification system it is an inexhaustible source for examples of nearly any kind. But all these notes and examples represent also other similar classification systems, if applicable, which are usually less complex. An overview of currently known classification systems using ClaML is provided in a separate document which is electronically available (see 7.3). This document is not intended to: a) provide a normative syntax on how a healthcare classification system is to be constructed; b) define link types between elements in a healthcare classification system (this is left to the developers of healthcare classification systems); c) provide a representation for direct viewing or printing.