港口设施的阴极保护

[中文适用范围]： 1.1 总则 本国际标准定义了确保对浸没和打入/埋入海水和盐泥中的钢制港口、海港、海岸和防洪设施及附属物的金属外表面有效实施阴极保护以防止腐蚀的方法。1.2 结构 本国际标准规定了固定和浮动港口和海港结构的阴极保护。其中包括码头、防波堤、码头（系泊和靠泊）、板桩或管桩、浮桥、浮标、浮船坞、船闸和水闸。当附属物的水下区域（例如附在结构上的链条）未与结构电隔离时，它还规定了阴极保护。本国际标准适用于阳极暴露于水或盐泥的阴极保护系统。对于埋地区域，通常是桩墙后或填满沉箱内的土壤或沙子填充区域，这些区域可能受到腐蚀的严重影响，EN 12954 定义了特定的阴极保护设计和操作要求，阳极暴露在土壤中。本国际标准不涵盖固定或浮动海上结构（包括海上装载浮标）、海底管道或船舶的阴极保护。本国际标准不包括任何部件表面的内部保护，例如压载舱、浮动结构内部、船闸和水闸的淹没舱室或管状钢桩的内部。1.3 材料本国际标准涵盖主要由裸露或涂层碳钢和碳锰钢制成的结构的阴极保护。由于结构的某些部分可能由碳钢以外的金属材料制成，因此阴极保护系统的设计应确保完全控制任何电偶联，并尽量减少氢脆或氢致开裂的风险（见 ISO 12473）。本国际标准不涉及钢筋混凝土结构（见 ISO 12696）。1.4 环境 本国际标准适用于港口、海港、海岸和防洪设施中固定或浮动结构的整个海水、咸水和盐泥中的淹没区域及相关埋地区域。对于交替浸没和暴露在空气中的表面，只有浸没时间足够长以使钢极化时，阴极保护才会有效。通常，中潮以下的所有表面都能实现有效的阴极保护。对于打入海床或部分埋入或覆盖在泥中的结构（诸如钢板桩和钢管桩），本国际标准也适用于埋入、打入和暴露在泥中并拟与浸入水中的表面一起接受阴极保护的表面。 1 许可证持有者=阿尔伯塔大学/5966844001，用户=sharabiani，shahramfs 阴极保护也可应用于钢板桩墙的后表面和填土沉箱的内表面。 此类表面的阴极保护由 EN 12954 规定。 本国际标准适用于那些现在或将来可能受到“加速低水腐蚀”（ALWC）和其他更普遍的微生物腐蚀（MIC）或与电偶、差别通气和其他局部腐蚀影响参数相关的其他形式的所谓“浓缩腐蚀”影响的结构 注：信息可参见 BS 6349-1:2000 第 59 条和 CIRIA C634（见参考书目） 1.5 安全和环境保护 本国际标准不涉及与阴极保护有关的国家或国际法规适用的安全和环境保护方面。 [外文原描述]： ISO 13174:2012 defines the means to be used to ensure that cathodic protection is efficiently applied to the immersed and driven/buried metallic external surfaces of steel port, harbour, coastal and flood defence installations and appurtenances in seawater and saline mud to provide protection from corrosion. ISO 13174:2012 specifies cathodic protection of fixed and floating port and harbour structures. This includes piers, jetties, dolphins (mooring and berthing), sheet or tubular piling, pontoons, buoys, floating docks, lock and sluice gates. It also specifies cathodic protection of the submerged areas of appurtenances, such as chains attached to the structure, when these are not electrically isolated from the structure. ISO 13174:2012 is to be used in respect of cathodic protection systems where the anodes are exposed to water or saline mud. For buried areas, typically in soil or sand filled areas behind piled walls or within filled caissons, which may be significantly affected by corrosion, specific cathodic protection design and operation requirements are defined in EN 12954, the anodes being exposed to soils. ISO 13174:2012 does not cover the cathodic protection of fixed or floating offshore structures (including offshore loading buoys), submarine pipelines or ships. ISO 13174:2012 does not include the internal protection of surfaces of any components such as ballast tanks, internals of floating structures flooded compartments of lock and sluice gates or the internals of tubular steel piles. ISO 13174:2012 covers the cathodic protection of structures fabricated principally from bare or coated carbon and carbon manganese steels. As some parts of the structure may be made of metallic materials other than carbon steels, the cathodic protection system should be designed to ensure that there is a complete control over any galvanic coupling and minimize risks due to hydrogen embrittlement or hydrogen-induced cracking (see ISO 12473 ). ISO 13174:2012 does not address steel reinforced concrete structures (see EN 12696). ISO 13174:2012 is applicable to the whole submerged zone in seawater, brackish waters and saline mud and related buried areas which can normally be found in port, harbour, coastal and flood defence installations wherever these structures are fixed or floating. For surfaces which are alternately immersed and exposed to the atmosphere, the cathodic protection is only effective when the immersion time is long enough for the steel to become polarized. Typically, effective cathodic protection is achieved for all surfaces below mid tide. For structures such as sheet steel and tubular steel piles that are driven into the sea bed or those that are partially buried or covered in mud, ISO 13174:2012 is also applicable to the surfaces buried, driven and exposed to mud which are intended to receive cathodic protection along with surfaces immersed in water. Cathodic protection may also be applied to the rear faces of sheet steel piled walls and the internal surfaces of filled caissons. Cathodic protection of such surfaces is specified by EN 12954.