感官分析.方法学.用三点选配(3-AFC)法测定气味、香味和味觉探测阈值的通用指南

[中文适用范围]： 本文件提供了以下指导原则： ——通过 3-AFC（三选择强制选择）程序获取有关检测刺激物的数据，这些刺激物会引起对气味、风味和味道的反应；以及 — 处理数据以估计阈值及其误差范围，以及与刺激检测相关的其他统计数据。 通常，该程序将用于以下两种模式之一： ——调查评估者对特定刺激的敏感性； ——研究化学物质刺激化学感受的能力。 （尽管实验可以涵盖这两种模式。 ）第一种模式的例子包括研究个体或特定人群的敏感性差异以及年龄、性别、生理状况、疾病、给药和环境条件对敏感性的影响的研究。 后一种模式的例子包括 — 风味化学和特定化学物质对食品风味的影响的研究， — 化学物质对人类影响的分类（如果存在于环境中）， — 分子结构与能力之间关系的研究一种用作兴奋剂的化学品， — 气体排放物以及水、食品和饮料的质量保证，以及 — 嗅觉机制的研究。 在这两种模式中，正确反应的概率随刺激强度变化的方式，即剂量/反应曲线的斜率，以及阈值和所描述的数据处理程序可能是研究的一个重要方面在此提供此信息。 本文件的重点是数据要求和计算程序。 关于数据的有效性，文本仅限于一般规则和注意事项。 它不区分检测阈值和差异阈值；从根本上讲，该程序测量差异阈值，因为测试样本与参考样本进行了比较。 通常，参考样本无意包含所研究的刺激物，但指南不排除参考样本可能包含刺激物的实验设计，或者可能不知道参考样本是否包含刺激物。 该指南不测量 EN 13725 中定义的识别阈值。 [外文原描述]： ISO 13301:2018 gives guidelines for - obtaining data on the detection of stimuli that evoke responses to odour, flavour and taste by a 3-AFC (three-alternative forced-choice) procedure, and - the processing of the data to estimate the value of a threshold and its error bounds, and other statistics related to the detection of the stimulus. Typically, the procedures will be used in one of the following two modes: - investigation of the sensitivity of assessors to specific stimuli; - investigation of the ability of a chemical substance to stimulate the chemoreceptive senses. (Although experiments can encompass both modes.) Examples of the first mode include studies of the differences among individuals or specified populations of individuals in sensitivities and of the effects of age, gender, physiological condition, disease, administration of drugs and ambient conditions on sensitivity. Examples of the latter mode include - studies in flavour chemistry and the impact of specified chemicals on the flavour of foods, - classification of chemicals for their impact on humans, if present in the environment, - studies on the relationship of molecular structure to capacity of a chemical to act as a stimulant, - quality assurance of gaseous effluents and of water, foods and beverages, and - studies in the mechanism of olfaction. In both modes, the way in which probability of a correct response changes with intensity of stimulus, i.e. the slope of the dose/response curve, could be an important aspect of the study as well as the threshold value, and the data processing procedures described here provide this information. The focus of ISO 13301:2018 is on data requirements and on computational procedures. Regarding the validity of the data, the text is restricted to general rules and precautions. It does not differentiate between detection and difference thresholds; fundamentally, the procedures measure a difference threshold because a test sample is compared with a reference sample. Typically, the reference sample is not intended to contain the stimulus under investigation, but the guidelines do not exclude experimental design in which the reference could contain the stimulus, or it might not be known if the reference contains the stimulus. The guidelines do not measure a recognition threshold as defined in ISO 5492. They do not address the standardization of methods of determining air quality as discussed in EN 13725.