火焰中致命毒性的评估

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准提供了一种估计材料在特定燃烧条件下产生的火源烟气致命毒性的方法。毒性值与所选的火灾模型、暴露情景和评估材料有关。 通过计算使用一氧化碳（CO）、二氧化碳（CO₂）、氧气（O2）以及其他可能存在的一氧化氢氰（HCN）、氯化氢（HCl）、溴化氢（HBr）、氟化氢（HF）、二氧化硫（SO₂）、氮氧化物（NO₂）、丙烯醛和甲醛的分析数据，预测30分钟暴露下实验动物的半数致死浓度（LC50）。 本国际标准适用于在控制实验室条件下评估材料、产品或组件产生的火源烟气氛围的致命毒性。不应单独用于描述或评估实际火灾条件下材料、产品或组件的有毒危害或风险。 测试结果可作为评估特定用途火灾危害因素的一部分，参见ISO 19706。 本标准不旨在解决所有与使用相关的安全问题，使用者应自行建立适当的安全和健康规范。 [外文原描述]： ISO 13344:2015 provides a means for estimating the lethal toxic potency of the fire effluent produced from a material while exposed to the specific combustion conditions of a physical fire model. The lethal toxic potency values are specifically related to the fire model selected, the exposure scenario and the material evaluated. Lethal toxic potency values associated with 30-min exposures of rats are predicted using calculations which employ combustion atmosphere analytical data for carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2) (vitiation) and, if present, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen bromide (HBr), hydrogen fluoride (HF), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), acrolein and formaldehyde. The chemical composition of the test specimen may suggest additional combustion products to be quantified and included. If the fire effluent toxic potency cannot be attributed to the toxicants analysed, this is an indication that other toxicants or factors must be considered. ISO 13344:2015 is applicable to the estimation of the lethal toxic potency of fire effluent atmospheres produced from materials, products or assemblies under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used in isolation to describe or appraise the toxic hazard or risk of materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire hazard assessment that takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use; see ISO 19706. The intended use of fire safety-engineering calculations is for life-safety prediction for people and is most frequently for time intervals somewhat shorter than 30 min. This extrapolation across species and exposure intervals is outside the scope of ISO 13344:2015. ISO 13344:2015 does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of ISO 13344:2015 to establish appropriate safety and health practices.