实验室间比较能力验证中使用的统计方法

[中文适用范围]： 本文件为能力验证提供者提供了统计方法的详细描述，用于设计能力验证方案并分析从这些方案中获得的数据。 本文件提供了此类能力验证计划参与者和认证机构对能力验证数据的解释的建议。 本文件中的程序可用于证明实验室、检查机构和个人获得的测量结果满足可接受性能的指定标准。 本文件适用于能力验证，其中报告的结果是对测试项目的定量测量或定性观察。 注：本文件中的程序也适用于专家意见的评估，其中意见或判断以可以与独立参考值或共识统计进行客观比较的形式报告。 例如，通过检查将能力验证项目划分为已知类别，或者通过检查确定能力验证项目是否产生于同一原始来源，并对分类结果进行客观比较时，本文件的规定可以应用与标称（定性）属性相关的。 [外文原描述]： This document provides detailed descriptions of statistical methods for proficiency testing providers to use to design proficiency testing schemes and to analyse the data obtained from those schemes. This document provides recommendations on the interpretation of proficiency testing data by participants in such proficiency testing schemes and by accreditation bodies. The procedures in this document can be applied to demonstrate that the measurement results obtained by laboratories, inspection bodies, and individuals meet specified criteria for acceptable performance. This document is applicable to proficiency testing where the results reported are either quantitative measurements or qualitative observations on test items. NOTE The procedures in this document can also be applied for the assessment of expert opinion where the opinions or judgments are reported in a form which can be compared objectively with an independent reference value or a consensus statistic. For example, when classifying proficiency test items into known categories by inspection - or in determining by inspection whether proficiency test items arise, or do not arise, from the same original source - and the classification results are compared objectively, the provisions of this document that relate to nominal (qualitative) properties can be applied.