火灾威胁生命的部位.利用火灾数据逃生有效时间的评定指南

[中文适用范围]： 该国际标准是可用于消防安全工程的众多工具之一。 它旨在与模型结合使用，用于分析火灾的发生和发展、火灾蔓延、烟雾的形成和移动、化学物质的生成、运输和腐烂、人员移动以及火灾探测和扑灭。 本国际标准仅在这种情况下使用。 本国际标准旨在解决人类暴露于危及生命的火灾成分的后果。 火灾流出物的时间依赖性浓度和火灾的热环境取决于火灾增长速度、所涉及燃料产生的各种火灾气体的产量、这些火灾气体的衰减特性和通风模式（参见A.1）。 一旦确定了这些，就可以使用本国际标准中提出的方法来估计个人预计会经历脆弱性的时间。 小心地，本指南还可用于估计因受伤、医疗状况等而无法移动的人员的救援时间限制。 本国际标准建立了根据以下方面评估火灾危险分析中危及生命的部分的程序：在离散时间间隔内暴露的人类受试者的状态。 它可以估计居住者的耐用性受到损害的时间（见 A.2）。 它可以估计每个火灾废水成分的受损的可维持性终点，其中最重要的终点是最早发生的终点。 尽管韧性受损的概念与失能的定义一致（请注意包括许多影响，包括崩溃和意识不清，但这些影响并未得到解决。 本国际标准特别关注因暴露于环境而产生的生理和行为反应所影响的韧性受损）火灾的危及生命的成分。 所讨论的危及生命的成分包括火灾排放物的毒性、热量和烟雾引起的视觉障碍。 如果排放物成分可用，有毒气体模型将用于评估火灾对于流出物成分未知的情况，提供了使用通用毒性效力值的附加质量损失模型。 [外文原描述]： ISO 13571:2012 is one of many tools available for use in fire safety engineering. It is intended to be used in conjunction with models for analysis of the initiation and development of fire, fire spread, smoke formation and movement, chemical species generation, transport and decay, and people movement, as well as fire detection and suppression. ISO 13571:2012 is to be used only within this context. ISO 13571:2012 is intended to address the consequences of human exposure to the life-threatening components of fire. The time-dependent concentrations of fire effluents and the thermal environment of a fire are determined by the rate of fire growth, the yields of the various fire gases produced from the involved fuels, the decay characteristics of those fire gases and the ventilation pattern. Once these are determined, the methodology presented in ISO 13571:2012 can be used for the estimation of the time at which individuals can be expected to experience compromised tenability. With care, this guidance can also be applied to estimation of the time limit for rescuing people who are immobile due to injury, medical condition, etc. ISO 13571:2012 establishes procedures to evaluate the life-threatening components of fire hazard analysis in terms of the status of exposed human subjects at discrete time intervals. It makes possible the estimation of the time at which occupants can experience compromised tenability. It enables estimation of a compromised tenability endpoint for each of the fire effluent components, with the most important endpoint being the earliest to occur. Although the concept of compromised tenability is consistent with the definition of incapacitation (see ISO 13943), the latter term is not used in ISO 13571:2012 due to its potentially broad interpretation to include many effects, including collapse and unconsciousness, that are not addressed. ISO 13571:2012 focuses specifically on compromised tenability as influenced by both physiological and behavioural responses resulting from exposure to a fire's life-threatening components. The life-threatening components addressed include fire-effluent toxicity, heat, and visual obscuration due to smoke. In cases where the effluent composition is available, the toxic gas model is to be used for assessment of fire-effluent toxicity. For those cases where the effluent composition is unknown, an additional mass-loss model using generic toxic potency values is provided.