工业炉及相关加工设备 - 通过电弧炉生产钢铁的机械和设备的安全要求

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了用于熔炼不含放射性物质的钢的电弧炉 (EAF) 的一般安全要求。注：在钢厂入口前检测到放射性物质视为已检测到。本文件涉及表 1 中列出的与 EAF 相关的重大危险、危险情况和事件，这些事件在按预期使用且在制造商预见的条件下发生，还包括在误用的情况下可预见的故障和失灵。本文件还规定了生产过程中集成的工厂和设备的标准。本文件规定了在设计过程中应遵循的要求，以确保人员安全，这些要求在设备的运输、组装、调试、操作、维护和退役过程中均应满足。本文件假定设备由经过充分培训的人员操作和维护。设置、调整和维护的手动干预被视为设备正常使用的一部分。本文件涵盖以下设备（见附件 B，表 B.1 和 B.2，以及附件 C，图 C.1 和 C.2）： — 采用交流 (AC) 技术的 EAF； — 采用直流（DC）技术的电弧炉； — 废钢预热技术； — 相关设备/装置（例如惰性气体搅拌、碳和氧喷射系统）。 本文件不涵盖以下设备： — 感应炉； — 电阻电弧炉（例如埋弧炉）； — 电子束炉； — 等离子炉； — 用于二次炼钢的其他电炉，例如钢包炉。 本文件不规定以下设备的安全要求，这些设备可以是范围所涵盖设备的组成部分或补充部分： — 起重机； — 壳体提升横梁； — 废钢篮、钢包和渣罐； — 废钢篮、钢包和渣罐的运输车； — 除尘系统； — “狗屋”和“象屋”（出于环境原因的炉子外壳）； — 合金系统； — 单独的废钢干燥设备； — 炉变压器和高压系统； — 机器人/机械手（例如用于温度测量和取样）。 [外文原描述]： ISO 13578:2017 specifies the general safety requirements for electric arc furnaces (EAF) to melt steel not containing radioactive material. NOTE Radioactive material is considered to be detected in front of the steel plant entrance. ISO 13578:2017 deals with significant hazards, hazardous situations and events as listed in Table 1 pertinent to EAF, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer, and also includes foreseeable faults and malfunctions in case of misuse. ISO 13578:2017 also specifies criteria for the plant and equipment integrated in the production process. ISO 13578:2017 specifies the requirements to be followed during design to ensure the safety of persons, which are to be met during transport, assembly, commissioning, operation, maintenance and decommissioning of the equipment. ISO 13578:2017 assumes that installations are operated and maintained by adequately trained personnel. Manual intervention for setting, adjustment and maintenance is accepted as part of the normal use of the equipment. ISO 13578:2017 covers the following equipment (see Annex B, Tables B.1 and B.2, and Annex C, Figures C.1 and C.2): - EAF with alternating current (AC) technology; - EAF with direct current (DC) technology; - scrap preheating technology; - associated equipment/devices (e.g. inert gas stirring, carbon and oxygen injection systems). The following equipment is not covered by ISO 13578:2017: - induction furnace; - resistance-arc furnace (e.g. submerged arc furnace); - electron beam furnace; - plasma furnace; - other electrical furnaces used in secondary steelmaking, e.g. ladle furnace. ISO 13578:2017 does not specify safety requirements for the following equipment, which can be an integral or complementary part of the equipment covered by the scope: - cranes; - shell lifting cross beam; - scrap basket, steel ladle and slag pot; - transport cars for scrap baskets, steel ladles and slag pots; - dedusting system; - "dog house" and "elephant house" (furnace enclosures for environmental reasons); - alloying system; - separate scrap drying equipment; - furnace transformer and high-voltage system; - robots/manipulators (e.g. for temperature measurement and sampling).