水质.厌气菌的气体生成的抑制测定.第1部分:一般试验

[中文适用范围]： ISO 13641 的这一部分规定了一种筛选方法，通过确定厌氧消化产生的沼气（二氧化碳和甲烷）来评估物质、混合物、地表水、地下水和废水、污水、污泥或其他环境样品的潜在毒性。 污水污泥的处理时间长达 3 天。 厌氧菌的生长速度比需氧微生物低得多。 因此，厌氧方法的测试时间比需氧细菌的测试时间更长。 该方法适用于可溶于水或不溶于水的物质，包括挥发性化学物质（参见参考文献中的参考文献[1]）。 注：对于低水溶性化合物，需要特别小心，在这些情况下，请参见 ISO 10634。 有关生物测试的一般信息，请参见 ISO 5667-16。 该方法可以提供有助于预测测试材料对厌氧消化池中沼气生产的可能影响的信息。 例如，只有更密切地模拟工作消化器的更长时间的测试才能表明微生物是否会适应测试材料，或者可能吸附到污泥上的化合物是否会在比本标准允许的更长的时间内积累到有毒浓度。 测试。 ISO 13641 这部分获得的信息也有助于为厌氧生物降解性测试选择合适的初始质量浓度（例如 ISO 11734）。 然而，与 ISO 13641 第 2 部分中描述的方法相比，使用未稀释污泥的 ISO 13641 的这一部分不太适合测试稀释的消化污泥，其中质量浓度稀释了一百倍。 [外文原描述]： ISO 13641-1:2003 specifies a screening method for assessing the potential toxicity of substances, mixtures, surface waters, groundwaters and wastewaters, effluents, sludges or other environmental samples by determining the production of biogas (carbon dioxide and methane) from the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge over periods of up to 3 days. The growth rate of anaerobic bacteria is much lower compared with that of aerobic microorganisms. For this reason, the test periods are longer for anaerobic methods than those used for aerobic bacteria. This method is applicable to substances, soluble or insoluble in water, including volatile chemicals. Note that special care is necessary with compounds of low water-solubility, and in these cases, other methods might be more suitable. This method can provide information that is useful in predicting the likely effect of a test material on biogas production in anaerobic digesters. For example, only longer tests, which simulate working digesters more closely can indicate whether adaptation of the microorganisms to the test material can occur or whether compounds likely to be adsorbed onto sludge can build up to a toxic concentration over a longer period than allowed in this test. Information obtained by ISO 13641-1:2003 can also be helpful in choosing suitable initial mass concentrations for anaerobic biodegradability tests (e.g. ISO 11734). However, ISO 13641-1:2003 using undiluted sludge is less suitable for testing dilute digesting sludge than the method described in ISO 13641-2 where the mass concentrations are a hundredfold more dilute.