结构设计基础.涉及结构的系统风险评估的一般原则

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了涉及结构的系统风险评估的一般原则。 重点是与结构的设计、评估、维护和退役相关的战略和运营决策。 这还包括相关规范和标准的制定和校准。 涉及结构的系统可能会使社会各个层面的利益相关者面临重大风险。 本文件的目的是促进和加强有关监测、减少和管理风险以及以高效、具有成本效益和透明的方式准备紧急情况的决策。 在更广泛的风险管理背景下，风险评估为决策者提供了确定是否以及以何种方式适当处理风险的程序。 本文件提供了一个总体框架以及用于识别危险以及估计、评估和处理结构和涉及结构的系统的风险的程序。 本文档还为代码编写者和设计者提供了根据风险考虑结果设置合理的目标可靠性级别（例如 ISO 2394 中规定的目标可靠性级别）的基础。 对于现有结构，旨在根据本文件所述的原则对与原始设计中未考虑的事件或使用变化相关的风险进行评估。 本文件还可用于根据具体调整和详细设计对特殊结构进行风险评估，其设计通常不在现有规范的范围内。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies general principles of risk assessment for systems involving structures. The focus is on strategic and operational decision-making related to design, assessment, maintenance and decommissioning of structures. This also includes formulation and calibration of related codes and standards. Systems involving structures can expose stakeholders at various levels in society to significant risks. The aim of this document is to facilitate and enhance decision-making with regard to monitoring, reducing and managing risks, and preparing for emergency in an efficient, cost-effective and transparent manner. Within the broader context of risk management, risk assessment provides decision-makers with procedures to determine whether or not, and in what manner, it is appropriate to treat risks. This document provides a general framework as well as a procedure for identifying hazards and estimating, evaluating and treating risks of structures and systems involving structures. This document also provides a basis for code writers as well as designers to set reasonable target-reliability levels, such as stated in ISO 2394, based on the result of risk considerations. For existing structures, it is intended that assessment of the risks associated with the events that were not considered in the original design or with changes in use be implemented according to the principles stated in this document. This document can also be used for risk assessment of exceptional structures upon specific adaptation and detailing, the design of which is not usually within the scope of existing codes.