环境影响和相关环境因素的货币估价

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了环境影响和相关环境因素的货币评估方法框架。环境影响包括对人类健康、建筑环境和自然环境的影响。环境因素包括自然资源的排放和使用。本文件中的货币评估方法还可用于更好地了解组织对环境的依赖关系。在规划货币评估时，会考虑结果的预期用途，但用途本身不在本文件的讨论范围内。在本文件中，货币评估是一种以通用单位表达价值的方式，用于比较和权衡不同的环境问题以及环境问题与其他问题。要确定的货币价值包括总经济价值概念中反映的部分或全部价值。采取人类中心主义的观点，认为自然环境的价值在于它为人类带来效用（福祉）。本文件中提到的货币价值是用于权衡替代资源分配的经济价值，而不是绝对价值。本文件不包括成本或会计，尽管某些评估方法的名称中包含“成本”一词。本文件不包括将环境因素与环境影响联系起来的模型的开发。注：在本文件中，以货币形式估价的是环境影响或环境因素。在评估组织的环境影响时，重要的是建立环境因素与环境影响之间的联系。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies a methodological framework for the monetary valuation of environmental impacts and related environmental aspects. Environmental impacts include impacts on human health, and on the built and natural environment. Environmental aspects include releases and the use of natural resources. The monetary valuation methods in this document can also be used to better understand organizations' dependencies on the environment. During the planning of the monetary valuation, the intended use of the results is considered but the use itself is outside the scope of this document. In this document, monetary valuation is a way of expressing value in a common unit, for use in comparisons and trade-offs between different environmental issues and between environmental and other issues. The monetary value to be determined includes some or all values reflected in the concept of total economic value. An anthropocentric perspective is taken, which asserts that natural environment has value in so far as it gives utility (well-being) to humans. The monetary values referred to in this document are economic values applied in trade-offs between alternative resource allocations, and not absolute values. This document does not include costing or accounting, although some valuation methods have the term "cost" in their name. This document does not include the development of models linking environmental aspects to environmental impacts. NOTE In this document, what is valued in monetary terms is either environmental impacts or environmental aspects. When valuing environmental impacts of an organization, it is important that links between environmental aspects and environmental impacts are established.