石油、石化产品和天然气工业.设备可靠性和维修数据的采集与交换

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准为在设备运行生命周期内以标准格式收集石油、天然气和石化行业所有设施和运营中的设备的可靠性和维护 (RM) 数据提供了全面的基础。它描述了数据收集原则以及构成“可靠性语言”的相关术语和定义，可用于交流运营经验。本国际标准规范部分定义的故障模式可用作各种定量和定性应用的“可靠性词库”。本国际标准还描述了数据质量控制和保证实践，为用户提供指导。数据收集实践的标准化促进了各方（例如工厂、业主、制造商和承包商）之间的信息交换。本国际标准建立了任何内部或商用 RM 数据系统在设计用于 RM 数据交换时必须满足的要求。讨论了此类 RM 数据交换和合并的示例、指南和原则。本国际标准还提供了用于建立设备可靠性和可用性性能的性能目标和要求的框架和指南。附件 A 包含本国际标准所涵盖设备的摘要。本国际标准定义了需要收集的最小数据量，并重点关注两个主要问题： — 为用于各种分析方法而需要收集的各类数据的数据要求； — 标准化数据格式，以方便工厂、业主、制造商和承包商之间交换可靠性和维护数据。需要收集以下主要类别的数据： a) 设备数据，例如设备分类、设备属性； b) 故障数据，例如故障原因、故障后果； c) 维护数据，例如维护措施、所用资源、维护后果、停机时间。 注：第 9 条进一步详细说明了数据内容和数据格式。 此类数据的主要使用领域如下： 1) 可靠性，例如故障事件和故障机制； 2) 可用性/效率，例如设备可用性、系统可用性、工厂生产可用性； 3) 维护，例如纠正和预防性维护、维护计划、维护可支持性； 4) 安全和环境，例如对安全和/或环境产生不利影响的设备故障。本国际标准不适用于下列内容：i. 有关（直接）成本问题的数据；1ii. 来自实验室测试和制造的数据（例如加速寿命测试），另见 5.2；iii. 完整的设备数据表（仅包括与评估可靠性性能相关的数据）；iv. 操作员个人认为对操作和维护有用的其他在用数据；v. 分析和应用 RM 数据的方法（但是，附件中包含了如何计算一些基本可靠性和维护参数的原理）。 [外文原描述]： ISO 14224:2016 provides a comprehensive basis for the collection of reliability and maintenance (RM) data in a standard format for equipment in all facilities and operations within the petroleum, natural gas and petrochemical industries during the operational life cycle of equipment. It describes data collection principles and associated terms and definitions that constitute a "reliability language" that can be useful for communicating operational experience. The failure modes defined in the normative part of this International Standard can be used as a "reliability thesaurus" for various quantitative as well as qualitative applications. This International Standard also describes data quality control and assurance practices to provide guidance for the user. Standardization of data collection practices facilitates the exchange of information between parties, e.g. plants, owners, manufacturers and contractors. This International Standard establishes requirements that any in-house or commercially available RM data system is required to meet when designed for RM data exchange. Examples, guidelines and principles for the exchange and merging of such RM data are addressed. This International Standard also provides a framework and guidelines for establishing performance objectives and requirements for equipment reliability and availability performance. Annex A contains a summary of equipment that is covered by this International Standard. ISO 14224:2016 defines a minimum amount of data that is required to be collected, and it focuses on two main issues: - data requirements for the categories of data to be collected for use in various analysis methodologies; - standardized data format to facilitate the exchange of reliability and maintenance data between plants, owners, manufacturers and contractors. The following main categories of data are to be collected: a) equipment data, e.g. equipment taxonomy, equipment attributes; b) failure data, e.g. failure cause, failure consequence; c) maintenance data, e.g. maintenance action, resources used, maintenance consequence, down time. NOTE Clause 9 gives further details on data content and data format. The main areas where such data are used are the following: 1) reliability, e.g. failure events and failure mechanisms; 2) availability/efficiency, e.g. equipment availability, system availability, plant production availability; 3) maintenance, e.g. corrective and preventive maintenance, maintenance plan, maintenance supportability; 4) safety and environment, e.g. equipment failures with adverse consequences for safety and/or environment. ISO 14224:2016 does not apply to the following: i. data on (direct) cost issues; ii. data from laboratory testing and manufacturing (e.g. accelerated lifetime testing), see also 5.2; iii. complete equipment data sheets (only data seen relevant for assessing the reliability performance are included); iv. additional on-service data that an operator, on an individual basis, can consider useful for operation and maintenance; v. methods for analysing and applying RM data (however, principles for how to calculate some basic reliability and maintenance parameters are included in the annexes).