金属材料压痕硬度和材料参数的测试-第4部分:金属和非金属涂层的试验方法(ISO 14577-4:2016)

[中文适用范围]： ISO 14577的这一部分规定了一种测试涂层的方法，特别适合测试纳米或微米范围内的薄涂层。 然而，如果穿透深度占层厚度的比例很小，以至于在每种可能的情况下都可以忽略基材的影响，并且可以将层视为固体材料。 给出了这些情况的限制。 该测试方法仅限于压痕垂直于试样表面时的单层测试；然而，如果各个层或渐变的厚度大于穿透过程的空间分辨率，则也可以在横截面中测量渐变层或由多个层组成的层。 测试方法不限于任何特定类型的材料。 ISO 14577 本部分的范围包括金属和非金属涂层。 在 ISO 14577 的这一部分中，术语“层”是指具有与其所粘合的基材不同的均匀特性的任何固体层。 该方法假设层的特性与穿透深度无关。 如果特征尺寸小于压痕尺寸，则复合层被认为是均匀的。 只有当压头是尖头圆角半径足够小以在层中发生塑性变形的棱锥体或圆锥体时，才可以应用 ISO 14577 中与硬度测量相关的部分。 粘弹性材料或表现出显着蠕变的材料的硬度受测试持续时间的显着影响。 [外文原描述]： ISO 14577-4:2016 specifies a method for testing coatings which is particularly suitable for testing in the nano/micro range applicable to thin coatings. However, the application of this method of this part of ISO 14577 is not needed if the indentation depth is such a small fraction of the coating thickness that in any possible case a substrate influence can be neglected and the coating can be considered as a bulk material. Limits for such cases are given. This test method is limited to the examination of single layers when the indentation is carried out normal to the test piece surface, but graded and multilayer coatings can also be measured in cross-section if the thickness of the individual layers or gradations is greater than the spatial resolution of the indentation process. The test method is not limited to any particular type of material. Metallic and non-metallic coatings are included in the scope of this part of ISO 14577. In this part of ISO 14577, the term coating is used to refer to any solid layer with homogeneous properties different to that of a substrate it is connected to. The method assumes that coating properties are constant with indentation depth. Composite coatings are considered to be homogenous if the structure size is less than the indentation size. The application of this part of ISO 14577 regarding measurement of indentation hardness is only possible if the indenter is a pyramid or a cone with a radius of tip curvature small enough for plastic deformation to occur within the coating. The hardness of visco-elastic materials or materials exhibiting significant creep will be strongly affected by the time taken to perform the test.