空间数据系统实践 开放档案信息系统参考模型

[中文适用范围]： 本文件旨在定义CCSDS和国际标准化组织（ISO）参考模型的开放存档信息系统（OAIS）。一个OAIS是一个由硬件、软件、信息和基于政策的过程和程序组成的存档系统，这些过程和程序由组织及其员工实施和操作。该组织已承担起保存信息并将信息提供给指定社区的责任。该组织可能是更大组织的一部分。该系统满足一组强制性责任，使得OAIS存档能够区别于其他使用术语‘档案’的情况。OAIS存档必须执行的强制性责任在3.2节中定义。在OAIS中使用的词‘开放’意味着本推荐实践以及未来相关的推荐实践和标准是在开放论坛中开发的，它并不意味着对存档的访问是不受限制的。被维护的信息被认为需要长期保存，即使OAIS本身不是永久性的。长期是指足够长的时间，以考虑技术变化的影响，以及对新介质和数据格式的支持，或者知识库的变化，或指定社区及其定义的变化。长期可能会无限延长。在这个参考模型中，特别关注数字信息，无论是作为主要持有的形式还是支持物理和数字化保存材料的信息。因此，该模型 accommodate 了本质上非数字的信息（例如：一个物理样本），但不 detailed 解决对这种信息的建模和保存。此参考模型：- 提供了一个理解并提高对存档概念认识的框架，这些概念对于长期数字信息保存和访问是必要的；- 提供了非存档组织成为有效参与保存过程所需的概念；- 提供了一个框架，包括术语和概念，用于描述和比较现有和未来存档架构和操作；- 提供了一个框架，用于描述和比较不同的长期保存策略和技术；- 为比较存档 preserved 数字信息的数据模型以及讨论这些数据模型及其 underlying 信息如何随时间变化提供了 basis；- 提供了一个可以由其他工作扩展的框架，以覆盖非数字化形式的信息（例如：物理介质和物理样本）的长期保存；- 在数字信息长期保存和访问的元素和流程方面达成共识，并促进一个更大的市场，供应商可以提供支持；- 指导 OAIS 相关标准的识别和生产。ISO 14721:2025(en) CCSDS 推荐实践用于 OAIS 参考模型 CCSDS 650.0-M-3 Page 1-2 December 2024 © ISO 2025 - All rights reserved 模型 address 的范围包括存档信息保护功能的全部范围，包括摄入、存档存储、数据管理、访问和传播。它还 address 了数字信息迁移到新介质和形式，用于表示信息的信息模型，软件在信息保护中的作用，以及存档之间的数字信息交换。它识别了存档功能的内部和外部接口，并在这些接口处 identify 了若干高级别服务。它提供了各种说明性示例和一些“最佳实践”建议。它定义了一个存档成为 OAIS 的最小责任集，同时也定义了一个提供广泛有用的术语和概念的最大存档。 [外文原描述]： This document defines the CCSDS and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS). An OAIS is an Archive system consisting of hardware, software, information, and policy-based processes and procedures put in place and operated by an organization and its staff. The organization has accepted the responsibility to preserve information and make it available for a Designated Community. The organization may be part of a larger organization. The system meets a set of mandatory responsibilities that allow an OAIS Archive to be distinguished from other uses of the term ‘archive’. The set of mandatory responsibilities an OAIS Archive must perform are defined in 3.2 . The term ‘Open’ in OAIS is used to imply that this Recommended Practice, as well as future related Recommended Practices and standards, are developed in open forums, and it does not imply that access to the Archive is unrestricted. The information being maintained has been deemed to need Long Term Preservation, even if the OAIS itself is not permanent. Long Term is long enough to be concerned with the impacts of changing technologies, as well as support for new media and data formats, or with a changing Knowledge Base of the Designated Community or changes within the Designated Community or its definition. Long Term may extend indefinitely. In this Reference Model there is a particular focus on digital information, both as the primary forms of information held and as supporting information for both digitally and physically preserved materials. Therefore, the model accommodates information that is inherently non-digital (e.g., a physical sample), but the modelling and preservation of such information is not addressed in detail. This Reference Model: – provides a framework for the understanding and increased awareness of archival concepts needed for Long Term digital information preservation and access; – provides the concepts needed by non-archival organizations to be effective participants in the preservation process; – provides a framework, including terminology and concepts, for describing and comparing architectures and operations of existing and future Archives; – provides a framework for describing and comparing different Long Term Preservation strategies and techniques; – provides a basis for comparing the data models of digital information preserved by Archives and for discussing how the data models and the underlying information may change over time; – provides a framework that may be expanded by other efforts to cover Long Term Preservation of information that is NOT in digital form (e.g., physical media and physical samples); – expands consensus on the elements and processes for Long Term digital information preservation and access, and promotes a larger market which vendors can support; – guides the identification and production of OAIS-related standards. The reference model addresses a full range of archival information preservation functions including ingest, archival storage, data management, access, and dissemination. It also addresses the migration of digital information to new media and forms, the information models used to represent the information, the role of software in information preservation, and the exchange of digital information among Archives. It identifies both internal and external interfaces to the Archive functions, and it identifies a number of high-level services at these interfaces. It provides various illustrative examples and some ‘best practice’ recommendations. It defines a minimal set of responsibilities for an Archive to be called an OAIS, and it also defines a maximal Archive to provide a broad set of useful terms and concepts.