测定水性介质中塑料材料的最终好氧生物降解性 - 通过测量封闭式呼吸仪中的氧气需求的方法

[中文适用范围]： 本文件规定了一种通过测量封闭式呼吸计中的需氧量来确定塑料材料（包括含有配方添加剂的塑料材料）的有氧生物降解程度的方法。 在实验室条件下，将测试材料暴露在水介质中，接触来自活性污泥的接种物。 如果使用未适应的活性污泥作为接种物，则测试模拟自然水环境中发生的生物降解过程；如果使用混合或预暴露的接种物，则该方法用于研究测试材料的潜在生物降解性。 本文件中使用的条件不一定对应于允许最大生物降解发生的最佳条件，但本文件旨在确定塑料材料的潜在生物降解性或给出其在自然环境中的生物降解性的指示。 该方法可以通过计算碳平衡（可选，参见附录 E）来改进生物降解性的评估。 该方法适用于下列材料。 —天然和/或合成聚合物、共聚物或其混合物。 — 含有增塑剂、着色剂或其他化合物等添加剂的塑料材料。 — 水溶性聚合物。 — 在测试条件下，不会抑制接种物中存在的微生物的材料。 抑制效果可以使用抑制对照或其他适当的方法来确定（例如参见 ISO 8192[2]）。 如果测试材料对接种物有抑制作用，则可以使用较低的测试浓度、另一种接种物或预暴露的接种物。 [外文原描述]： This document specifies a method, by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer, for the determination of the degree of aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials, including those containing formulation additives. The test material is exposed in an aqueous medium under laboratory conditions to an inoculum from activated sludge. If an unadapted activated sludge is used as the inoculum, the test simulates the biodegradation processes which occur in a natural aqueous environment; if a mixed or pre-exposed inoculum is used, the method is used to investigate the potential biodegradability of a test material. The conditions used in this document do not necessarily correspond to the optimum conditions allowing maximum biodegradation to occur, but this document is designed to determine the potential biodegradability of plastic materials or give an indication of their biodegradability in natural environments. The method enables the assessment of the biodegradability to be improved by calculating a carbon balance (optional, see Annex E). The method applies to the following materials. — Natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or mixtures thereof. — Plastic materials which contain additives such as plasticizers, colorants or other compounds. — Water-soluble polymers. — Materials which, under the test conditions, do not inhibit the microorganisms present in the inoculum. Inhibitory effects can be determined using an inhibition control or by another appropriate method (see, for example, ISO 8192 [2] ). If the test material is inhibitory to the inoculum, a lower test concentration, another inoculum or a pre-exposed inoculum can be used.