机床.机床的环境评估.第1部分:节能机床的设计方法

[中文适用范围]： 本文件构成了生态设计标准在机床上的应用，主要针对自动操作和/或数控（NC）机床。 本文件涉及机床在使用阶段，即机床工作寿命期间的能源效率。 除使用阶段以外的环境相关阶段和除向机床提供能源以外的相关影响不在范围内，需要特殊处理（例如根据ISO/TR 14062）。 根据 ISO/TR 14062 的生态设计程序要素适用于机床。 定义了向用户和供应商报告结果以及对结果的监控。 能源效率的评估意味着对所使用的资源（即所供应的能源）以及所取得的结果进行量化。 本文件为所提供的能量的可重复量化提供了指导。 由于缺乏通用标准，它没有提出量化所取得结果的方法。 工业应用中所实现的加工工件的结果、它们的特性（例如材料、形状、精度、表面质量）、生产的限制（例如最小批量、灵活性）以及用于量化所实现的结果的其他适当参数旨在可以针对每个应用程序或一组应用程序专门确定。 本文件定义了建立将能源效率方面集成到机床设计中的流程的方法。 它不是为了比较机床；此外，本文档不涉及使用阶段不同类型的用户行为或不同制造策略的影响。 附件 A 列出了与环境相关的改进和机床部件、机床部件的控制以及机床部件的组合。 附件 B 提供了该方法的应用示例。 注：某些加工工艺和特定机床可能会导致加工工件对环境的影响发生显着变化，例如，通过应用特殊冲压技术减少铝罐的材料，通过在精密成型磨床上加工提高压缩机的性能[10] [13]。 与加工工件及其应用的环境影响相比，此类工艺或机床对环境的影响可能不太重要。 加工工件对环境影响的这些变化不是本文件的主题，但如果比较不同的加工工艺或不同的机床与产品的环境影响相关，则可能很重要。 例如，加工工件的精度可能是工件在其使用阶段对环境影响的重要参数，任何比较机床的尝试都必须考虑到这一点。 [外文原描述]： ISO 14955-1:2017 constitutes the application of eco-design standards to machine tools, mainly for automatically operated and/or numerically controlled (NC) machine tools. ISO 14955-1:2017 addresses the energy efficiency of machine tools during the use stage, i.e. the working life of the machine tool. Environmentally relevant stages other than the use stage and relevant impacts other than energy supplied to machine tools are not within the scope and need special treatment (e.g. according to ISO/TR 14062). Elements of eco-design procedure according to ISO/TR 14062 are applied to machine tools. Reporting of results to users and suppliers and monitoring of results are defined. Evaluation of energy efficiency implies quantification of the resources used, i.e. energy supplied, and of the result achieved. ISO 14955-1:2017 provides guidance for a reproducible quantification of the energy supplied. It does not suggest a methodology for quantifying the result achieved due to the lack of universal criteria. The result achieved in industrial application being machined workpieces, their properties (e.g. material, shape, accuracy, surface quality), the constraints of production (e.g. minimum lot size, flexibility) and other appropriate parameters for the quantification of the result achieved are intended to be determined specifically for each application or for a set of applications. ISO 14955-1:2017 defines methods for setting up a process for integrating energy efficiency aspects into machine tool design. It is not intended for the comparison of machine tools; also, ISO 14955-1:2017 does not deal with the effect of different types of user behaviour or different manufacturing strategies during the use phase. Lists of environmentally relevant improvements and machine tool components, control of machine tool components and combinations of machine tool components are given in Annex A. Annex B provides an example of application of the methodology. NOTE Certain machining processes and specific machine tools can allow significant changes in the environmental impact of machined workpieces, e.g. material reduction for aluminium cans by application of special press technology, higher performance of compressors by machining on precision form grinders [10][13] . The environmental impact of such processes or machine tools might be less important compared to the environmental impact of the machined workpieces and their application. These changes in the environmental impact of machined workpieces are not subject of ISO 14955-1:2017, but might be important if different machining processes or different machine tools are compared related to environmental impact of products. For instance, the accuracy of a machined workpiece might be a significant parameter for the environmental impact of the workpiece in its use stage, and any attempt to compare machine tools is intended to take this into account necessarily.