机械震动和冲击.桥梁和高架桥的动态试验和调查用指南

[中文适用范围]： 本国际标准为桥梁和高架桥的动态测试和调查提供了指南。 它 — 根据构造和使用情况对测试进行分类， — 指出单个结构部件和整个结构的调查和控制类型， — 列出激励和测量所需的设备，以及 — 根据适当的标准对调查技术进行分类信号处理、数据呈现和报告的方法。 本国际标准提供了动态测试的一般标准。 这些可以提供有关结构动态行为的信息，可以作为状态监测或系统识别的基础。 本国际标准中详述的动态测试不能替代静态测试。 测试可能试图定义所检查的每种振动模式的所有动态特性（即频率、刚度、振型和阻尼）及其随运动幅度的非线性变化。 本国际标准适用于公路、铁路和人行桥梁和高架桥（在施工和运营期间）以及其他工程（或工程类型），只要其特定结构证明其应用合理。 将本国际标准应用于特殊结构（斜拉桥或悬索桥）需要考虑工程的特殊特性进行特定测试。 注：在本国际标准中，术语“桥梁”指“桥梁和高架桥”。 [外文原描述]： ISO 14963:2003 provides guidelines for dynamic tests and investigations on bridges and viaducts. It classifies the testing as a function of construction and usage, indicates the types of investigation and control for individual structural parts and whole structures, lists the equipment required for excitation and measurement, and classifies the techniques of investigation with reference to suitable methods for signal processing, data presentation and reporting. ISO 14963:2003 provides general criteria for dynamic tests. These can supply information on the dynamic behaviour of a structure that can serve as a basis for condition monitoring or system identification . The dynamic tests detailed in ISO 14963:2003 do not replace static tests. The tests may seek to define all of the dynamic characteristics of each mode of vibration examined (i.e. frequency, stiffness, mode shape and damping) and their non-linear variation with amplitude of motion. ISO 14963:2003 is applicable to road, rail and pedestrian bridges and viaducts (both during construction and operation) and also to other works (or types of works), provided that their particular structure justifies its application. The application of ISO 14963:2003 to special structures (stayed or suspension bridges) requires specific tests which take into account the particular characteristics of the work.